9.1       Introduction

This chapter covers key aspects of how the Energy Standards apply to construction of residential additions, alterations to an existing residential building, or both. As explained further below, the 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Energy Standards) do not apply to repairs.

The chapter is organized as follows:

1.    Section 9.1-Introduction.  Highlights the applicable standards definitions for additions, alterations, and repairs and provides several examples of each.

2.    Section 9.2 -What’s New in the 2016 Energy Standards. Highlights of the requirements and compliance options which have changed or are entirely new in the 2016 Standards as compared with the 2013 Energy Standards.

3.    Section 9.3 -Compliance Approaches. An overview of all prescriptive and performance compliance options available to meet the standards for additions only, for alterations only and for projects that include both additions and alterations.

4.    Section 9.4 -Mandatory Requirements.  Mandatory requirements for additions and alterations as they apply to the envelope, fenestration, mechanical system, water heating system, indoor lighting, and outdoor lighting.

5.    Section 9.5 -Additions.  Detailed information on prescriptive and performance compliance methods and related information for additions, with or without alterations.

6.    Section 9.6 -Alterations. Detailed information on prescriptive and performance compliance methods and related information for alterations, with or without an addition.

7.    Section 9.7-Performance Method. An explanation of the Existing + Addition + Alteration Approach with examples.

Whenever additions and alterations trigger mandatory measures− whether envelope, mechanical, water heating, indoor lighting or outdoor lighting - the certificate of compliance must be submitted with the permit documentation and included in the building plans.

When additions and alterations include changes to the envelope, mechanical systems, and/or water heating systems, a certificate of compliance must be completed prescriptively or generated by compliance software with the performance approach.  The prescriptive certificate of compliance that should be used for additions and alterations in all climate zones is the CF1R-ADD or CF1R-ALT form. For HVAC-only change-outs and other mechanical system alterations, a climate zone specific CF1R-ALT-HVAC form for prescriptive compliance may be used. In addition, note that most additions and alterations that include changes in HVAC systems will include one or more measures that require HERS diagnostic testing and field verification. When a HERS measure is specified, the certificate of compliance must be registered online with an approved HERS Provider web site.  Refer to Chapter 2 and to Residential Appendix RA2 for more information about document registration.

For copies of the appropriate compliance forms, refer to Appendix A of this 'manual.

9.1.1          Additions

An addition is any change to an existing building that increases conditioned floor area and conditioned volume. See §100.1.

Examples of projects considered as additions include.

1.    Adding a conditioned sunroom or other rooms to an existing house.

2.    Converting a garage or other existing unheated space into conditioned living space.

3.    Enclosing and conditioning an existing patio area.

4.    Obtaining a permit to legalize an existing, habitable and conditioned space that was added to a residential dwelling without a permit.

5.    Adding a bay window that extends to the floor increasing both floor area and volume.

9.1.2          Alterations

An alteration is any change to a water-heating system, space-conditioning system, lighting system, or envelope of a building that is not an addition. See §100.1.

Examples of projects considered alterations include:

1.    Adding insulation to any existing exterior roof or ceiling, exterior wall, or raised floor over a crawl space, garage, or unheated basement.

2.    Replacing or installing a new top surface to an existing roofing assembly (reroofing) and replacing portions of or the entire roof assembly.

3.    Replacing existing fenestration or adding fenestration area (for example, windows, bay windows, greenhouse/garden windows, dynamic glazing, clerestories, or glass glazed doors) to existing walls.

4.    Replacing an existing skylight or increasing the area of skylight to an existing roof.

5.    Constructing an entirely new roof over an existing conditioned space.

6.    Adding a loft within the existing conditioned volume of a home.

7.    Replacing an existing heating system or adding a heating system (for example, a furnace, wall heater, heat pump or radiant floor).

8.    Replacing an existing cooling system or adding a cooling system (for example, an air conditioner or heat pump).

9.    Extending or replacing an existing duct system, or adding an entirely new duct system.

10.  Replacing the existing water heater or adding water heaters and/or hot water piping.

11.  Replacing existing lighting or adding new hardwired lighting fixtures.

12.  Adding window film, when complying under the performance approach only.

9.1.3          Repairs

A repair is “the reconstruction or renewal for the purpose of maintenance of any component, system, or equipment of an existing building. Repairs shall not increase the pre-existing energy consumption of the repaired component, system, or equipment. Replacement of any component, system, or equipment for which there are requirements in the Energy Standards is considered an alteration and not a repair.”  (See §100.1).

Note: Repairs to residential buildings are not within the scope of the Energy Standards.

For example, when a component, system, or equipment of an existing building breaks or is malfunctioning and maintenance fixes are needed for it to work properly again, it is considered a repair and not subject to the standards. However, if instead of fixing the break or malfunction, it is decided to replace the component, system or equipment with a new or different one, the scope of work is considered an alteration and not a repair and requirements of the Energy Standards pertaining the that measure must be met.

Examples of work considered repairs include:

1.    Replacing a broken pane of glass but not the entire window.

2.    Removing fenestration and other envelope components for maintenance or repair and then reinstalling the same fenestration or other envelope components in the same location.

3.    Replacing a failed fan motor or gas valve in a furnace but not replacing the entire furnace;

4.    Replacing a heating element in a water heater but not replacing the entire water heater.

Note: When any existing envelope component is moved to a new location, even when that location partially overlaps the previous location of the item, the work is considered an alteration.

Note 2: Replacement of some HVAC components for repair are defined by the Energy Standards as alterations, therefore triggering requirements that must be met. §150.2(b)1E of the Energy Standards defines the following HVAC component replacements as an alteration that triggers the requirement for duct sealing: ”replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil.” Similarly, if more than 40 linear feet of new or replacement space conditioning ducts are installed then the entire duct system must be insulated, sealed, tested and verified for low duct leakage. (See §150.2(b)1D).