Following are the three methods permitted for the
prescriptive compliance approach for calculating the allowed lighting power:
1.
Complete Building
Method
2. Area
Category Method
3.
Tailored Method
The
Complete
Building Method
shall only be applied when lighting will be installed throughout the entire building. The building
must consist of one type of use for a minimum of 90 percent of the floor area of
the entire building.
The
allowed
indoor lighting power
allotment for the entire building shall be calculated as follows:
1.
For a conditioned building, multiply the entire conditioned
floor area of the
building by the
applicable lighting power density
(LPD, watts
per sq. ft.)
provided in
Table
140.6-B.
2.
For an unconditioned building, multiply the entire unconditioned
floor area
of the building
by the
applicable LPD
provided in
Table
140.6-B.
5.7.1.1
Requirements for Using the Complete Building Method
The
Complete Building
Method shall be used only for building types, as defined in §100.1, that
are specifically listed in Table
140.6-B (for
example, retail and wholesale stores, hotel/motel, and high-rise
residential buildings.)
The
Complete Building Method shall be used only on projects involving:
a.
Entire buildings with one type of use occupancy.
b.
Mixed occupancy buildings where one type of use makes up at least 90 percent of
the entire
building (in which case, when applying the Complete Building Method, it
shall be assumed that the primary use is 100 percent of the
building).
c.
A tenant space
where one type of use makes up at least 90 percent of the entire tenant space
(in which case, when applying the Complete Building Method, it shall be assumed
that the primary use is 100 percent of the tenant space).
A few
more notes as follows:
•
Use the
Complete Building Method only when the applicant is applying for a lighting permit and
submits plans and specifications for the entire building or the entire tenant
space.
•
Use the
Complete Building Method only when the lighting power allotment in Table
140.6-B is
available for the entire building. There are no additional lighting power
allowances available when using Complete Building Method. Also, there are no
mounting height multipliers available when using the Complete Building Method.
•
For
buildings including a parking garage plus another type of use listed in Table
140.6-B, the
parking garage portion of the building and other type of use portion of the
building shall each separately use the Complete Building Method.
Example 5-9 Mixed occupancy
building – a parking garage building
Question
A building is to be constructed with 95 percent of it
consisting of a parking garage, and the remaining 5 percent consisting of
offices and support spaces such as an electrical room. What is the
assumed building type under the complete building
method?
Answer
Since parking garage makes up at least 90 percent of the
entire building, the building shall be considered a parking garage when applying
the Complete Building Method.
5.7.1.2
Definitions of Complete Building Types
When
using the Complete Building Method, qualifying building types are those in
which a minimum of 90 percent of the building floor area functions as one of the
building types listed in Table
140.6-B, (as defined below), and which do not
qualify as any other building occupancy type more specifically defined in §100.1, and which do not have a combined total of more than 10
percent of the area functioning as any nonresidential
function areas specifically defined in §100.1:
•
Assembly Building is a building with meeting halls in which people gather
for civic, social, or recreational activities. These include civic centers,
convention centers and auditoriums.
•
Commercial and Industrial Storage
Building is a building with
building floor areas used for storing items
•
Financial Institution
Building is a building with
building floor areas used by an institution which collects funds from the public
and places them in financial assets, such as deposits, loans, and
bonds.
•
Industrial/Manufacturing Facility
Building is a building with
building floor areas used for performing a craft, assembly or manufacturing
operation.
•
Grocery Store Building is a building with building floor areas used for the
display and sale of food.
•
Gymnasium Building is a building with building floor areas used for physical
exercises and recreational sport events and activities.
•
Library Building is a building with building floor area used for repository
of literary materials, and for reading books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets
and prints.
•
Office Building is a building of CBC Group B occupancy with building floor areas in which business, clerical
or professional activities are conducted.
•
Parking Garage Building is a building with building floor areas, parking vehicles,
and consists of at least a roof over the parking area enclosed with walls on all sides.
The building includes areas for vehicle maneuvering to reach designated parking
spaces. If the roof of a parking structure is also used for parking, the portion
without an overhead roof is considered an outdoor parking lot instead of a parking garage.
•
Religious Facility Building is a building with building floor areas used for assembly
of people to worship.
•
Restaurant Building is a building with building floor areas in which food and
drink are prepared and served to customers in return for money.
•
Retail Store Building is a building with building floor area used for the
display and sale of merchandise except food.
•
School Building is a building used by an educational institution. The
building floor area can include classrooms or educational laboratories, and may
include an auditorium, gymnasium, kitchen, library, multi-purpose room, cafeteria, student union,
or workroom. A maintenance or storage building is not a
school building.
•
Sports Arena Building is a building with building floor areas used for public
viewing of sporting events and activities. Sports arena are classified according
to the number of spectators they are able to accommodate, as follows:
Class I Facility is used for competition play for 5,000 or
more spectators.
Class II Facility is used for competition play for up to
5,000 spectators.
Class III Facility is used for competition play for up to
2,000 spectators.
Class IV Facility is normally used for recreational play
and there is limited or no provision for spectators.
•
Motion Picture Theater Building
is a building with building floor areas
used for showing motion pictures to audiences.
•
Performance Arts Theater Building
is a building with building floor areas
used for hosting performing arts such as plays, music or dance to
audiences.
Example 5-10 Calculating allowed lighting power using the Complete
Building Method
Question
A 10,000-ft² healthcare facility building is to be built.
What is the allowed lighting power under the
complete building method?
Answer
From Table
140.6-B, a healthcare facility building is
allowed 0.9 W/ft². The allowed lighting power for the entire building is 10,000 x 0.9 = 9,000 W.
5.7.2.1 Area
Category Method General Lighting Power Allotment
The Area
Category Method is more flexible than the Complete Building Method because it can be
used for multiple tenants or partially completed buildings.
Under
the Area
Category Method, an "area" is defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate
or are associated with a single primary function as listed in Table
140.6-C. For
primary function areas not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type
shall be permitted. When the lighting in these areas is completed later under a new permit,
the applicant may show compliance with any of the lighting options except the
Complete Building Method.
The Area
Category Method divides a building into primary function areas. Each function
area is defined under occupancy type in §100.1. The
allowed
lighting power is
determined by multiplying the area of each function times the lighting power density for that
function. Where areas are bounded or separated by interior partitions, the floor
space occupied by those interior partitions shall be included in any area. The
total allowed watts is the summation of the allowed lighting
power for each
area covered by the permit application.
When
using this method, each function area in the building must be included as a
separate area. Boundaries between primary function areas may or may not consist
of walls or partitions.
For example, kitchen and dining areas within a fast food restaurant may or may not be
separated by walls. For purposes of compliance, they must still be separated
into two different function areas. However, it is not necessary to separate
aisles or entries within primary function areas. When the Area Category Method
is used to calculate the allowed total lighting power for an entire building however, the
main entry lobbies, corridors, restrooms, and support functions shall each be
treated as separate function areas.
A.
Requirements for using the Area Category Method include all of the
following:
1.
The Area Category Method shall be used only for primary function areas, as
defined in §100.1, that
are listed in Table
140.6-C.
2.
Primary Function Areas in Table
140.6-C shall
not apply to a complete building. Each primary function area shall be determined
as a separate area.
3.
For purposes of compliance with §140.6(c)2, an
"area" shall be defined as all contiguous areas which accommodate or are
associated with a single primary function area listed in Table 146.0-C.
4.
Where areas are bounded or separated by interior partitions, the floor area
occupied by those interior partitions may be included in a Primary Function
Area.
5.
If at the time of permitting for a newly constructed
building, a tenant is not identified for a multi-tenant area, a maximum of
0.4 watts per sq. ft. shall be allowed for the lighting in each area in which a
tenant has not been identified. The area shall be classified as Unleased Tenant
Area.
6.
Under the Area Category Method, the allowed indoor
lighting
power for each
primary function area is the lighting power
density value in
Table
140.6-C
multiplied
by the
square footage of the
primary function area. The total allowed indoor lighting
power for the
building is the sum of the allowed
indoor lighting
power for all
areas in the building.
5.7.2.2
Additional Lighting Power - Area Category Method
In addition to the
allowed indoor lighting
power
calculated according to §140.6(c)2A thru
F, the building
may add additional lighting power allowances for qualifying lighting systems as
specified in the Qualifying Lighting Systems column in
Table
140.6-C under
the following conditions:
1. Only
primary function areas having a lighting system as specified in the
Qualifying Lighting Systems column in
Table
140.6-C and in
accordance with the corresponding footnote of the table shall qualify for the
additional lighting power allowances.
2. The
additional lighting power allowances shall be used only if the plans clearly
identify all applicable task areas and the lighting equipment designed to illuminate
these tasks.
3. Tasks
that are performed less than two hours per day or poor quality tasks that can be
improved are not eligible for the additional lighting power
allowances.
4. The
additional lighting power allowances shall not utilize any type of luminaires
that are used for general lighting in the building.
5. The
additional lighting power allowances shall not be used when using the Complete
Building Method, or when the Tailored Method is used for any area in the
building.
6. The
additional lighting power allowed is the smaller of:
i.
The lighting power density listed in the “Allowed Additional Lighting LPD” column in
Table
140.6-C, times
the sq. ft. of the primary function, or
ii.
the adjusted indoor lighting power of the applicable lighting.
7.
In addition to the lighting power allowed under §140.6(c)2G(i
through vi), up to 1.0 watts per square foot of additional lighting power shall
be allowed in a videoconferencing studio, as defined in §100.1,
provided the following conditions are met:
i.
Before the Additional Videoconference Studio Lighting power allotment will be
allowed for compliance with §140.6 of the
Energy Standards, the person who is eligible under Division 3 of the
Business and Professions Code to accept responsibility for the construction or
installation of features, materials, components, or manufactured devices shall
sign and submit the
Certificate of Installation.
If any of
the requirements in this Certificate of Installation
are not
met, the
Additional Videoconference Studio Lighting installation shall not
be eligible for the additional lighting power allotment.
ii.
The Videoconferencing Studio is a room with permanently installed
videoconferencing cameras, audio equipment, and playback equipment for both
audio-based and video-based two-way communication between local and remote
sites.
iii.
General lighting is controlled in accordance with Table
130.1-A.
iv.
Wall wash lighting is separately switched from the general lighting
system.
v.
All of the lighting in the studio, including general lighting and additional
lighting power allowed by §140.6(c)2Gvii is
controlled by a multi-scene programmable control system (also known as a scene
preset control system).
Example 5-11 Calculating the allowed lighting power using Area Category Method
Question
A 10,000-ft² multi-use building is to be built consisting
of:
A) 500 ft²
main entry
lobby,
B) 1.500
ft² corridors,
C) 3,000
ft² grocery store (Grocery Sales),
D) 2,500
ft² retail store (Retail Merchandise Sales), and
E) 2,000
ft² future development.
F) 500 ft²
restrooms
What is the allowed lighting power under the area category
method?
Answer
Most of the functional area types can be identified from
Table
140.6-C for their designated lighting power
density values.
The future development area is unknown and with no
built-out plan at the time of permitting and “All other” (with 0.4 W/ft²) is
designated as its primary function area type.
Space
LPD
Area Allowed Lighting Power
A) Main
Entry
0.85 W/ft² 500 ft²
425 W
B)
Corridors and
Restrooms 0.6 W/ft²
1,500
ft²
900 W
C) Grocery
Store (Grocery Sales) 1.05 W/ft²
3,000
ft² 3,150
W
D) Retail
Store(Merchandise Sales) 1.00 W/ft²
2,500
ft² 2,500
W
E)
Restrooms
0.65 W/ft² 500 ft²
325 W
F) Future
Development (All other) 0.4 W/ft²
2,000
ft²
800 W
TOTAL
10,000 ft² 8,100
watts
Example 5-12 Calculating allowed lighting
power for spaces with display lighting and
decorative lighting
Question
What if in the multi-use building (example 5-11), the
retail store is planning floor displays and wall displays, as well as decorative
chandeliers. How do you determine the allowed lighting power for the retail store with display lighting and decorative
lighting?
Answer
A) As in the above example, determine the total area of the
retails store (2,500 ft²)
B) As in the above example multiply the allowed LPD (1.0
W/ft²) X 2,500 ft² = 2,500 W (allowed lighting power)
C) Determine the additional allowed lighting power
for display and accent
lighting by multiplying the retail
store size of 2,500 ft²by 0.2 W/ft² (Qualifying Lighting Column of Table
140.6-C) = 500 W
D) Determine the additional allowed lighting power
for ornamental lighting (for chandeliers) by
multiplying the retail store size of 2,500 ft² by 0.15 W/ft² (Qualifying
Lighting Column of Table
140.6-C) = 350 W
E) Add the 2,500 W plus 500 W for display and 350 W for
ornamental = 3,375 W
The allowed lighting power for this retail store, under the area category
method, is 3,375 W.
Note: The allowed lighting power may be less than the theoretical 3,375 W since the display/accent lighting and ornamental lighting
components are “use-it or-lose
it”. This means that the lesser of the
adjusted additional lighting power for display/ornamental lighting and the
calculated additional allowed lighting power (500 W and 375 W) is used. Also for the added power to be allowed, it must be in
addition to general lighting and must use the appropriate luminaires for the
task as defined in Table
140.6-C.
Example 5-13 Calculating additional lighting power
for ornamental lighting
Question
What is the allowed lighting power for an ornamental chandelier with
five 50 W lamps in a 300 ft² bank entry lobby?
Answer
The allowed lighting power for ornamental lighting
is 0.3 W/ft² x 300 ft² = 90 W (0.3 W/ft² is based on
Qualifying Lighting Column of Table
140.6-C.)
The wattage of the chandelier is 5 lamps x 50 W = 250
W.
If there are no applicable PAF or luminaire power reduction for the
chandelier, the total wattage of the chandelier is the adjusted indoor lighting
power or 90W.
The allowed lighting power for the chandelier is the smaller of the two values, or 90
W.
Example 5-14 Calculating additional lighting power
for ornamental LED lighting
Question
What is the allowed lighting power for an LED chandelier
with five 10 W LED lamps in a 300 ft² bank entry lobby?
Answer
The allowed lighting power for ornamental
lighting is 0.3 W/ft² x 300 ft² = 90 W
The wattage of the chandelier 5 lamps x 10 W = 50 W.
If there are no applicable PAF or luminaire power reduction
for the chandelier, the total wattage of the chandelier is the adjusted indoor
lighting power or 50W.
The allowed lighting power for the chandelier is the smaller of the two values, or 50
W.
Example 5-15 Tunable-White and Dim-to-Warm
Luminaires
Question
Which tunable-white and dim-to-warm luminaires qualify for
the allowed additional lighting power for applications in healthcare
facilities?
Answer
There are allowed additional lighting power for
tunable-white and dim-to-warm luminaires for most of the healthcare/hospital
function areas as specified in Table
140.6-C.
The qualified tunable-white luminaires shall be capable of
color change ≥ 2000K CCT.
The qualified dim-to-warm luminaires shall be capable of
color change ≥ 500K CCT.
A dim-to-warm luminaire product capable of color tune from
2700K to 1800K is acceptable and qualifies for the additional light power.
5.7.3.1
Tailored Method Application and General Rules
The Tailored Method is a lighting compliance approach which
establishes an allowed lighting power budget on a room-by-room or area-by-area
basis.
Use of Tailored Method could be helpful when more general
lighting power is required for the listed primary function
areas1 in Table
140.6-D and for the listed area that has a high
room cavity ratio (RCR).
In addition to providing a lighting power budget for general illumination,
the tailored method provides additional lighting power budgets for illuminating
wall displays, floor displays, task lighting, and ornamental/special effects
lighting. These additional layers of lighting power have been informally
referred to as “use-it-or-lose-it” lighting power allowances because these
additional allowances cannot be traded-off to other areas or applications. If a
lighting design does not include these additional layers of lighting power, the
total lighting power budget using the Tailored Method may be less than if the
Area Category Method or Complete Building Method of
compliance is used.
1Definitions
of the primary function areas can be found in Section 100.1.
1. There shall be no lighting power allotment
trade-offs between the separate conditioned and unconditioned indoor function
areas. Indoor conditioned and indoor unconditioned lighting power allotments
must each be separately determined on compliance documentation
2. There shall be no lighting power allotment
trade-offs between the separate indoor and outdoor function areas. Indoor and outdoor
lighting power allotments must each be separately determined on compliance
documentation.
3. Some areas of a building may use the Tailored
Method, while other areas of the same building may use the Area Category Method.
However, no single area in a building shall be allowed to use both the Tailored
Method and the Area Category Method.
4. The Tailored Method shall not be used in any
building using the Complete Building method for compliance.
5.7.3.2
Determining Allowed General Lighting Power for Tailored Method
A. Tailored Method Trade-Off
Allowances
Compliance forms shall be used to document trading-off
Tailored Method lighting power allotments. Trade-offs are available only for general
lighting, and only under the following circumstances:
1. From one conditioned primary function area using
the Tailored Method, to another conditioned primary function area using the
Tailored Method.
2. From one conditioned primary function area using
the Tailored Method, to another conditioned primary function area using the Area
Category Method.
3. From one unconditioned primary function area using
the Tailored Method, to another unconditioned primary function area using the
Tailored Method.
4. From one unconditioned primary function area using
the Tailored Method, to another unconditioned primary function area using the
Area Category Method.
B. Determine Lighting Power Allotments for
Conditioned and Unconditioned Primary Function Areas
The
allowed Tailored Method Indoor Lighting Power allotment for general lighting
shall be separately calculated for conditioned and unconditioned primary
functions are as follows:
1. For a conditioned primary function area, multiply
the conditioned square feet of that area times the applicable allotment of watts
per square feet for the area shown in Table
140.6-D.
2. For an unconditioned primary function area,
multiply the unconditioned square feet of that area times the applicable
allotment of watts per square feet for the area shown in Table
140.6-D.
An
"area" is defined as all contiguous areas which accommodate or are associated
with a single primary function area, listed in Table
140.6-D. Where areas are bounded or separated by
interior partitions, the floor area occupied by those interior partitions may be
included in a primary function area.
C. Calculating Tailored Method General Lighting
Power Allotments
The
Energy Standards
define general lighting as installed electric lighting that provides a uniform
level of illumination throughout an area, exclusive of any provision for
special visual tasks or decorative effect, exclusive of daylighting. To qualify
as general lighting for the Tailored Method, the lighting system shall not use narrow beam
direction lamps, wall-washers, valance, direct cove or perimeter linear slot
types of lighting systems.
§140.6(c)3H shall be used to determine the general lighting power density allotments as
follows:
1.
Using Table 140.6-D and 140.6-G to Determine General Lighting Power
Allotments:
a. Find the appropriate Primary Function Area in
column 1 that fits one of the Nonresidential Function Area definitions in
§100.1.
b. Find the corresponding General Illumination Level
(Lux) in column 2.
c. Determine the room cavity ratio (RCR) for that
primary function area, according to the applicable equation in Table
140.6-F. Use the nonresidential certificate of compliance to document the RCR
calculation.
d. Refer to Table
140.6-G, using the General Illumination Level
(Lux, determined according to item b), and the RCR (determined according to item
c), to determine the allowed lighting power density value.
e.
Multiply the allowed general lighting power density
value by the square footage of the primary function area. The product is the
allowed general lighting power for general lighting for that primary function
area.
2.
How to calculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR)
•
The room cavity ratio must be
determined for any primary function area using the Tailored Lighting
Method.
•
The lighting level in a room is
affected in part by the configuration of the room, expressed as the room cavity
ratio (RCR). Rooms with relatively high ceilings typically are more difficult to
light and have a
high RCR. Because luminaires are not as effective in a room with a high RCR,
§140.6 allows a greater LPD to compensate for this
effect.
•
The RCR is based on the entire space
bounded by floor-to-ceiling partitions. If a task area within a larger space is not
bounded by floor to ceiling partitions, the RCR of the entire space must be used
for the task area. The exception to this rule allows for imaginary or virtual
walls when the boundaries are established by “high stack” elements (close to the
ceiling structure and high storage shelves) or high partial walls defined as
“permanent full height partitions” described in §140.6(c)3liv wall display. These permanent full height partitions are
only applicable when claiming additional lighting power for wall display
lighting.
o
Note: For use in calculating the RCR of
the space, the walls are not required to be display walls as is required under
§140.6(c)3liv.
o The RCR is calculated from one
of the following formulas:
Equation 5-3 (Table 140.6-F)
Rectangular Shaped Rooms
Where:
RCR
= The room cavity
ratio
H
=
The room cavity height, vertical distance measured from the work plane to the
center line of the luminaire
L
=
The room length using interior dimensions
W
=
The room width using interior dimensions
A
=
The room area
Equation 5-4 (Table 140.6-F)
Non-Rectangular Shaped Rooms
Where:
RCR
= The room cavity
ratio
H
=
The room cavity height (see equation above)
A
=
The room area
P
=
The room perimeter length
•
For rectangular rooms, these two
methods yield the same result and the second more general form of calculating
RCR may be used in all instances, if desirable.
•
It is not necessary to document RCR
values for rooms with an RCR less than 2.0. Rooms with a RCR higher than 2.0 are
allowed higher LPDs under the Tailored Method. The figure below gives example
RCR values calculated for rooms with the task surface at desk height (2.5 ft
above the floor). This is useful in assessing whether or not a room is likely to
have an RCR greater than 2.0.
•
A special situation occurs when
illuminating stacks of shelves in libraries, warehouses, and similar spaces. In
this situation, the lighting requirements are to illuminate the vertical stack
rather than the horizontal floor area. In stack areas the RCR is assumed to be
greater than seven. The non-stack areas are treated normally.
Example 5-15 Calculating Room Cavity Ratio
(RCR)
Question
A small retail shop “Personal Shopper” room is 14 ft. wide
by 20 ft. long by 8 ft. high. The lighting system uses recessed ceiling
fixtures. The task surface is at desk height (2.5 ft. above the floor). What is
the room cavity ratio?
Answer
The room cavity height is the distance from the ceiling
(center line of luminaires) to the task surface (desk height). This is 8 ft.
-2.5 ft. = 5.5 ft.
RCR = 5 x H x (L + W) / Area
RCR = 5 x 5.5 (14+20) / (14 x 20) =
3.34
5.7.3.3
Determine Additional Allowed Power for Tailored Method
When
using the Tailored Method for lighting compliance, the additional allowed lighting power
values and adjustment factor values are listed in Table 140.6-D, E, F, and G,
for the special applications below:
•
Wall display lighting,
•
Floor display lighting and task lighting,
•
Ornamental/special effects
lighting, and
•
Very valuable display case
lighting.
These
additional layers of lighting power are not available when using §140.6(c)3F to determine the general Lighting Power
allotment, and are not available for any primary function areas using the
Complete Building
or Area Category methods of compliance.
All of
the additional lighting power allowances are “use-it-or-lose-it” allowances that
cannot be traded-off. That is, if the installed watts are less than the allowed
watts, the difference in watts is not available to trade off anywhere else in
the building.
Use the
appropriate compliance form to document the additional lighting power for wall
display lighting, floor display lighting and task lighting, ornamental/special
effects lighting, and very valuable display case lighting.
A. Additional Wall Display Lighting
Power:
9. Wall display
lighting is defined as supplementary lighting required to highlight features
such as merchandise on a shelf, which is displayed on perimeter walls; and that
provides a higher level of illuminance to a specific area than the level of surrounding
ambient illuminance.
10. Additional allowed power
for wall display lighting is available only for lighting that illuminates walls
having wall displays, and only when there is a watt per linear foot allowance in
column 3 of Table
140.6-D for the primary function area.
1. The additional
allowed power for wall display lighting shall be the smaller of:
i.
The wall display lighting power density values (Column 3 of Table
140.6-D) times the wall display length
(determined from item #3);
ii.
The adjusted lighting power used for the wall display luminaires.
11.
Calculate the adjusted lighting power by multiplying the maximum rated wattage
of the display luminaires with the appropriate mounting height adjustment factor
from Table
140.6-E.
12.
Note that mounting height adjustment factor is available for wall display
luminaires mounted at height greater than 10 feet 6 inches from the finished
floor. Mounting height is the distance from the finished floor to the bottom of
the luminaire.
2. To qualify for
the additional wall display lighting power:
i.
The lighting system
shall be a type that is appropriate for creating a higher level of illuminance
on the wall display. Lighting systems appropriate for wall display lighting are
lighting track adjacent to the wall, wall-washer luminaires, luminaires behind a
wall valance or wall cove, or accent light. (Accent luminaires are adjustable or fixed luminaires with PAR, R, MR, AR, or
luminaires providing directional display lighting.)
ii.
The qualifying wall display lighting shall be mounted within 10 feet of the wall
having the wall display.
iii.
The lighting system shall not be a general lighting system type.
13.
Note: Lighting internal to display cases that are attached to a wall or
directly adjacent to a wall are counted as wall display. All other lighting
internal to display cases are counted as floor display lighting, or as very
valuable display case lighting.
3. The length of
display walls shall include the length of the perimeter walls including but not
limited to closable openings and permanent full height interior partitions.
14.
Permanent full height interior partitions are those that meet the following
conditions:
i. Extend from the
floor to within two feet of the ceiling or are taller than ten feet; and
ii. Are permanently
anchored to the floor.
4. The additional
wall display lighting power is not available for the following:
i. For any function
areas using the Complete Building or Area Category methods of
compliance.
ii. General lighting
systems.
15. Note that floor displays shall not qualify for
wall display lighting power allowances.
B. Additional Floor Display and Task Lighting
Power:
16. Floor display lighting is
defined as supplementary lighting required to highlight features, such as
merchandise on a clothing rack, which is not displayed against a wall; and
provides a higher level of illuminance to this specific area than the level of
surrounding ambient illuminance.
17. Task Lighting is defined
as lighting that specifically illuminates a location where a task is performed,
but not general lighting.
18. Additional allowed power
for floor display lighting and additional allowed power for task lighting may be
used only for qualifying floor display lighting systems, qualifying task
lighting systems, or a combination of both, for the listed primary function
areas in Table
140.6-D.
19. Lighting internal to
display cases that are not attached to a wall and not directly adjacent to a
wall, shall be counted as floor display lighting or very valuable display case
lighting.
1. The
additional allowed power for the floor display and task lighting shall be the
smaller of:
a. The floor display and task lighting power density
values (Column 4 of Table
140.6-D) times the square footage of floor
display or task area.
b. The adjusted lighting power used for floor display
lighting or task lighting.
20.
Calculate the adjusted lighting power by multiplying the maximum rated wattage
of the floor display or task luminaires with the appropriate mounting height
adjustment factor from Table
140.6-E.
21.
Note that mounting height adjustment factor is available for floor display
luminaires mounted at height greater than 10 feet 6 inches from the finished
floor. Mounting height is the distance from the finished floor to the bottom of
the luminaire.
2. To qualify
for additional floor display lighting power:
a. The floor display lighting system shall be mounted
no closer than 2 feet to a wall. When track lighting is used for floor
display lighting, and where portions of that lighting track are more than 2 feet
from the wall and other portions are within 2 feet of the wall, only those
portions of track more than 2 feet from the wall shall qualify for the floor
display lighting power allowance.
b. The floor display lighting system consists of only
directional lamp
types, such as PAR, R, MR, AR; or of luminaires providing directional display
light.
c. If track lighting is used, only track heads that
are classified as directional lighting types.
3. To qualify
for additional task lighting power:
a. The task lighting system shall be located
immediately adjacent to and capable of illuminating the task for which it is
installed.
b. The lighting system shall be of a type different
from the general lighting system.
c. The lighting system shall be separately switched
from the general lighting system
4. To qualify for
the additional power for floor display and task lighting, the lighting system
shall be a type that is appropriate for creating a higher level of illuminance
on the floor display or task.
5. The additional
power for floor display and task lighting are not available for the
following:
a. For any function areas using the Complete Building
or Area Category methods of compliance.
b. Displays that are installed against a wall shall
not qualify for the floor display lighting power allowances.
c. Any floor area designed to not have floor displays
or tasks, such as floor areas designated as a path of egress, shall not be
included for the floor display allowance.
6. For floor areas
qualifying for both floor display and task lighting power allowances, the
additional allowed power shall be used only once for the same floor area so that
the allowance shall not be additive.
C. Additional Ornamental/Special Effects
Lighting Power:
Special effects lighting is defined as lighting installed
to give off luminance instead of providing illuminance.
Qualifying ornamental lighting to
include luminaires such as chandeliers, sconces, lanterns, neon and cold
cathode, light emitting diodes, theatrical projectors, moving lights, and light
color panels when any of those lights are used in a decorative manner that does
not serve as display lighting or general lighting.
Additional allowed power for ornamental/special effects
lighting may be used only for the listed primary function areas in Table
140.6-D.
1. The additional
allowed power for ornamental/special effects lighting shall be the smaller
of:
a. The allowed ornamental/special effects
lighting power values (Column 5 of Table
140.6-D) times the square footage of the floor
areas having ornamental/special effects lighting;
b. The adjusted lighting power used for
ornamental/special effects lighting.
2. Additional
ornamental and special effects lighting power is not available for any function
area using the Complete Building or Area Category methods of
compliance.
3. Additional
ornamental/special effects lighting power shall be used only in areas having
ornamental/special effects lighting.
22.
Any floor area not designed to have ornamental or special effects lighting shall
not be included for the ornamental/special effects lighting
allowance.
D. Additional Very Valuable Display Case
Lighting Power:
Case lighting is defined as lighting of small art objects,
artifacts, or valuable collections which involves customer inspection of very
fine detail from outside of a glass enclosed display case.
Additional allowed lighting power for very valuable display
case lighting shall be available only for display cases in retail merchandise
sales, museum, and religious worship areas.
1. The additional allowed power for very valuable
display case lighting shall be the smallest of:
a. The product of the area of the primary function
and 0.55 watt per sq. ft.; or
b. The product of the area of the display case and 8
watts per sq. ft.; or
c. The adjusted lighting power used for very valuable
display case lighting.
2. To qualify for additional allowed power for very
valuable display case lighting, a case shall contain jewelry, coins, fine china,
fine crystal, precious stones, silver, small art objects and artifacts, and/or
valuable collections the display of which involves customer inspection of very
fine detail from outside of a locked case.
3. The additional very valuable display case lighting
is not available for any function areas using the complete building or area
Category methods of compliance.
4. Qualifying lighting includes internal display case
lighting or external lighting employing highly directional luminaires
specifically designed to illuminate the case or inspection area without spill
light, and shall not be fluorescent lighting unless installed inside of a
display case.
Example 5-17 Ornamental lighting and very valuable display
lighting - Tailored Method (Five parts) (Part 1)
Question
A 5,500-ft² retail store has:
5,000 ft² of gross retail sales area (merchandise sales) with a RCR of
2.5
200 ft² of restrooms (with a RCR of 6.0)
300 ft² of corridors (with a RCR of 6.5)
100 ft² of very valuable merchandise case top with 1,200 W of light
sources
As part of the retail scheme in the sales floor area, the
following lighting is being used.
- Wall display lighting of 300 linear feet of perimeter
wall including closeable openings;
- Floor display lighting;
- Ornamental/special effects lighting.
What are the allowed lighting power for general lighting in
this store using the Tailored Method?
Answer
The general illumination for merchandise
sales and showroom area in retail is 500 Lux per column 3 of Table
140.6-D.
Per Table
140.6-G, the Lighting Power Density (LPD) is 1.05
W/ft² for a 500 Lux space with an RCR of 2.5. Therefore, the allowed general
lighting power for the retail store is 1.05 W/ft² X 5,000 ft² = 5,250 W.
Corridors and restrooms are not included in the Tailored
Method tables and therefore must comply under the area category method. Look up
Table
140.6-C for the allowed LPD for these spaces.
Table
140.6-C contains LPD values for primary
functional areas and it allows 0.6 W/ft2 of LPD for corridors and
0.65 W/ft2 for restrooms. (RCR is irrelevant in looking up LPD
values in Table
140.6-C. This is different from how to look up
values from Table
140.6-G)
The allowed power for the restrooms is 200 ft² x 0.65 W/ft²
= 130 W.
The allowed power for the corridors is 300 ft² x 0.6 W/ft²
= 180 W.
Note that in the Tailored Method, the allowed wattage for
each lighting task other than general lighting is of the use-it-or-lose-it
variety, which prohibits trade-offs among these wattages and different tasks or
areas. Only the General Lighting component of the Tailored Method is tradable between areas
using tailored compliance or areas using Area compliance.
Example 5-18 Wall display lighting – Tailored method
(Continue – Part 2)
Question
If the adjusted lighting power of the floor display
luminaires is 3,000 watts, what is the allowed wall display lighting power for
the retail sales area in this store?
Answer
The wall display lighting is computed from the entire wall
perimeter, including all closeable openings, times the wall display power
allowance. Therefore, the wall display lighting is 300 ft. x 11.8 W/ft. = 3,540 W. The allowed lighting power density value of 11.8
W/ft. is taken from column 3 of Table
140.6-D.
Note that in the Tailored Method, it is a use-it-or-lose-it
allowance.
The additional allowed power for wall display lighting is
the smaller of:
- The wall display lighting power of 3,540W, as
calculated from above;
- The adjusted lighting power used for the wall
display lighting, 3,000W.
Since the smaller of
3,540W and 3,000W is 3,000W, the additional allowed power for wall display
lighting is 3,000W for the retail sales area in this
store.
Example 5-19 Floor display lighting – Tailored method
(Continue – Part 3)
Question
If the adjusted lighting power of the floor display
luminaires is 4,000 watts, what is the allowed floor display lighting power for
this store?
Answer
The floor display allowance is computed from the area of
the entire space with floor displays multiplied by the floor display lighting
power density. Therefore, the allowed wattage is 5,000 ft² x 0.8 W/ft² = 4,000 W. The allowance is taken from column 4 of Table
140.6-D.
Note that in the Tailored Method, it is a use-it-or-lose-it
allowance.
The additional allowed power for floor display lighting is
the smaller of:
- the floor display lighting power of 4,000W, as
calculated from above;
- the adjusted lighting power used for the floor
display lighting, 4,000W.
Since the smaller of
4,000W and 4,000W is 4,000W, the additional allowed power for floor display
lighting is 4,000W for the retail sales area in this
store.
Example 5-20 Ornamental/special effect lighting – Tailored
method (Continue – Part 4)
Question
If the adjusted lighting power of the ornamental/special
effect luminaires is 4,000 watts, what is the allowed ornamental/special effect
lighting power for this store?
Answer
The ornamental/special effect allowance is computed from
the area of the entire space with floor displays times the ornamental/special
effect lighting power density. Therefore, the allowed wattage is 5,000 ft² x 0.4
W/ft² = 2,000 W. The allowance is taken from column 5 of
Table
140.6-D.
Note that in the Tailored Method, it is a use-it-or-lose-it
allowance.
The additional allowed power for ornamental/special effect
lighting is the smaller of:
- The ornamental/special effect lighting power of
2,000W, as calculated from above;
- The adjusted lighting power used for the
ornamental/special effect lighting, 4,000W.
As the smaller of 2,000W
and 4,000W is 2,000W, the additional allowed power for ornamental/special effect lighting is 2,000W for the
retail sales area in this store.
The ornamental/special
effect luminaires have to be re-selected for a lesser adjusted wattage so that
it is no more than 2,000W.
Example 5-21 Very valuable display lighting – Tailored
method (Continue – Part 5 of 5)
Question
What are the allowed very valuable display lighting power
for this store?
Answer
The allowed wattage for very valuable display case top is
smaller of the product of 0.55 W/ft² and the gross sales area (5,000 ft²) or the
product of 14 W/ft² and the actual area of the case tops (100 ft²). The allowed
lighting power is the smaller of 0.55 W/ft² X 5,000 ft² = 2,750 watts, or 8
W/ft² X 100 ft² = 1,200 watts. Therefore, the maximum allowed power is 1,200 W.
Because the floor display and very valuable display
allowances are use-it-or-lose-it allowances, the maximum power allowed is the
smallest of primary function area lighting power (2,750 W) and very valuable
display case lighting power (800 W) or the adjusted lighting power for very
valuable display case lighting (1,200 W). Therefore, the allowed watts for very
valuable display lighting is 800 W.
Example 5-22 Retail space – determination on partitions
Question
A large retail store with a sales area that has a 14-foot
high ceiling and full height perimeter wall also has several other walls and a
high fixture element in the space. Based on the definition of “full-height”
partitions (per §140.6(c)3liv), which components qualify for the wall display
allocation?
Answer
The sketch below shows full height partitions and non-full
height partitions.
Example 5-23 Wall display lighting in a retail store–
Tailored Method
Question
In this question, Condition A has 2 x 4 troffers placed 3
feet from a perimeter sales wall as well as fluorescent wall-washers 5 feet from
the sales wall. Condition B has fluorescent wall-washers 3 feet from the wall
and PAR adjustable accent lights 5 feet from the wall. Which luminaires qualify
for the wall display lighting allocation?
Answers
Per §140.6(c)3liia, qualifying lighting must be mounted within 10 feet of the
wall and must be an appropriate wall lighting luminaires. (Luminaires with
asymmetric distribution toward the wall or adjustable –directed toward the
wall).
CONDITION A
While both luminaires are within 10 feet of the wall only
the wall-washer qualifies for the wall display allocation. The 2 x 4 troffer is
a general lighting luminaire with symmetric distribution and does not qualify
for the allocation.
CONDITION B
Both luminaires are within 10 feet of the wall and both
qualify for the wall display allocation. The fluorescent wall-washer has an
asymmetric distribution and the PAR accent light at 5 feet from the wall
provides directional light.
Example 5-24 Display lighting in a museum – Tailored
Method
Question
A museum space has directional accent lighting luminaires on a
track mounted to the ceiling. The first track is 3 feet from the perimeter wall
of the exhibit space and the second track is 9 feet from the wall. There is a
third track (not shown) that is 15 feet into the space. To what display category
should these luminaires be assigned under §140.6(c) 3I and 3J
Answers
Per §140.6(c)3G & 3H, wall display luminaires must be within 10 feet
of the wall and directional, and floor display luminaires must be at least two
feet away from the wall and also directional. Using these criteria, the
allocations for the two conditions shown are as follows:
CONDITION A
Both sets of luminaires (3 feet and 9 feet away from the
wall) shown are at least 2 feet away from the wall and are directed onto a floor
exhibit (display) therefore they both qualify for the floor display allocation.
The third track (15 feet away from the wall) with directional luminaires also
can qualify as floor display.
CONDITION B
Both sets of luminaires shown are closer than 10 feet to
the wall and are directed onto a wall exhibit (display) therefore they both,
when directed toward the wall qualify for the wall display allocation. The third
track with directional luminaire (15 feet from the wall) does not qualify for
wall display, only floor display.
Note: Luminaires within a 2 foot to 10 foot zone may be assigned
to either wall or floor display depending on the focus direction of the
luminaires. However only one classification – either wall or floor – can be used
for luminaire compliance, not both.
Example 5-25 Lighting Power Adjustments for luminaire
mounting height – Tailored Method
Question
A high ceiling space with allowed display lighting has
wall-washers mounted on the ceiling near the wall and accent lights mounted on
suspended track in the center of the space. Because of the 14-foot high ceiling,
does the display lighting qualify for a mounting height factor
adjustment?
Answer
Per §140.6(c) 3Giv and 3Hviii, both the wall-washers and accent lights
qualify for the mounting height adjustment as they are mounted at height greater
than 10 feet 6 inches and they also provide directional light.
If the track is suspended at 10 feet instead of 11 feet, it
is excluded from an adjustment factor and must use the default factor of one
with the allowed LPD as shown in column four in Table
140.6-E.