The mandatory features and devices
must be included in all outdoor lighting projects when they are applicable. Mandatory
requirements for outdoor lighting are specified in §110.9, §130.0,
and §130.2. These are
similar to the mandatory requirements for indoor lighting.
Even if the design has errors and
has specified incorrect features and devices, the installer is responsible to meet all
of the applicable requirements that he or she installs. The installer is also
required to sign the
appropriate Installation Certificate to verify correct installation. The
Certificate of Acceptance document for outdoor lighting controls shall also
be submitted to the local enforcement agency to prove the installed outdoor lighting
controls pass the acceptance test.
The 2019 Standards include a
new threshold metric based on initial luminaire lumens for the BUG rating
requirement. All outdoor luminaires that emit 6,200 lumens or greater must
comply with Backlight, Uplight, and Glare ("BUG") requirements contained in
Section 5.106.8 of the CalGreen Code (Title 24, Part 11).
The BUG ratings assume that the light emitted from the
luminaire is providing useful illuminance on the task surfaces rather than scattering the
light in areas where the light is not needed or intended, such as toward the
sky. These BUG ratings also increase visibility because high amounts of light
shining directly into observer’s eyes are reduced, thus decreasing glare.
Additionally, light pollution into neighbors’ properties is reduced. The BUG
requirements vary by outdoor lighting zones and outdoor lighting zones are described in Section 6.2.2.
Luminaire manufacturers are aware
of the technical details of the BUG ratings and can typically provide to
designers and contractors the BUG ratings for their luminaires. In the rare
occasions where the luminaire manufacturer cannot provide the BUG rating, the
BUG rating of the luminaire can be calculated with outdoor lighting software if
the luminaire photometric data is available.
Luminaires are exempted from the
BUG rating requirements for the following applications as these applications are
desirable to project light sideways or upwards.
•
Signs
•
Lighting for building facades, public monuments, statues, and
vertical surfaces of bridges
•
Lighting required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or
regulation that may fail to meet the uplight and glare limits due to application
limitations
•
Temporary outdoor lighting that does not persist beyond 60 consecutive
days or more than 120 days per year.
•
Replacement of existing pole mounted luminaires that are spaced more than
6 times the mounting height of the existing luminaires and the replacement
luminaire wattage is less than the wattage of the original luminaires. In addition:
o Where the existing luminaire does
not meet the luminaire uplight and glare zonal lumen limits.
o Where no additional poles are being
added to the site.
o Where new wiring to the luminaires
is not being installed.
•
Luminaires that are intended to light the right of way on publicly
maintained roads, sidewalks, or bikeways.
Example 6-2 Luminaire
Classification for Outdoor Luminaires
Question
What is the IES BUG system for outdoor
luminaires?
Answer
Illuminating Engineering
Society (IES) published the technical memorandum ’Luminaire Classification for
Outdoor Luminaires’ in 2011 (TM-15-11). This document defines three-dimensional
regions of analysis for exterior luminaires and further establishes zonal lumen
limits for these regions as part of a larger method of categorizing outdoor
lighting equipment into Backlight, Uplight, and Glare components.
Collectively, the three components are referred to as the BUG system.
Luminaire Classification
System for Outdoor Luminaires as defined in IES TM-15-11
Image Credit:
From ANSI/IES RP-8-14
Roadway Lighting with permission from the Illuminating Engineering
Society
The zonal
lumen limits per secondary solid angles for uplight and glare are based upon the
methodology found in TM-15. The lighting zone that the project is located in
determines the maximum zonal lumens for both uplight and glare. There are no
separate zonal lumen limits for the Backlight component in the Energy Standards,
regardless of the lighting zone. This component is intended for property
boundary conditions and is intended to help determine the suitability of
specific products to mitigate light trespass, and is therefore outside the
prevue of Title 24.
To comply
with this mandatory measure, the luminaire must not exceed the maximum zonal
lumen limits for each secondary solid angle region (within both the Uplight and
Glare component) per lighting zone. The zonal lumen values in a photometric test
report must include any tilt or other non-level mounting condition of the
installed luminaire.
The BUG rating
for luminaires may be determined with outdoor lighting software or by contacting
the manufacturer. There is also software available to produce a BUG rating for a
tilted luminaire condition (which is not a typical circumstance for most
applications). Since the California BUG limits and calculation procedures match
the IES, no deviation from the IES BUG rating is necessary.
Example 6-3 Wallpacks
and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
A new parking lot
adjacent to a building is being designed to be illuminated by wall packs rated
at 7,000 initial luminaire lumens. The wall packs are mounted on the side of the
building and their main purpose is for parking lot illumination. But they are also
illuminating the façade of the building. Do these wall packs have to meet the
backlight, uplight and glare (BUG) rating limits?
Answer
Yes, these 7000-lumen
wall packs will have to meet the BUG rating requirements because their main
purpose is for parking lot illumination. Luminaire mounting methods or locations
do not necessarily determine the purpose of the illumination. Define the
function of the luminaire by determining what the majority of the light is
striking. In the case a typical wallpack, 80% or more of the light is likely
striking the parking lot or sidewalk in front of the building, and only 20% or
less on the façade, so BUG rating will be required for verification of the zonal
limits.
Each luminaire must be
appropriately assigned to the function area that it is illuminating, whether it
is mounted to a pole, building, or other structure. Only luminaires that are
rated less than 6,200 initial luminaire lumens are not required to meet the
Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) requirements in the Energy Standards.
Example 6-4 Tilted
Luminaires meeting the BUG Requirements
Question
If a low BUG rating
luminaire is mounted at a tilt does it still meet the BUG requirements?
Answer
It depends. Luminaires
that meet the zonal lumen limits when mounted at 90° to nadir may or may not
comply with the BUG rating limits when they are mounted at a tilt.
In order for a tilted
luminaire to meet this requirement a photometric test report must be provided
showing that the luminaire meets the zonal lumen limits at the proposed tilt.
There are lighting design software available to produce a BUG rating for a
tilted luminaire, or this can be provided by the manufacturer.
Example 6-5 Defining the
Property Line for the Purpose of BUG Rating Compliance
Question
Where is the property
line if the area under construction is located next to a public road?
Answer
For property line that
abuts a public roadway or transit corridor, the property line may be considered
to be the centerline of the public roadway or transit corridor.
For property lines about
public walkways, bikeways, plazas and parking lots, the property line may be
considered to be 5 feet beyond the actual property line.
Example 6-6 Mounting Height from the Property Line
Question
How are the BUG rating
of a luminaire determined by mounting height from the property line?
Answer
If the luminaire is
mounted more than 2 mounting heights away from the property line, then there is
no limit on the backlight rating. Otherwise, for locations less than 2 mounting
height away, the luminaire must meet backlight ratings listed in Table 5.106.8 (N).
For instance, a
6,600-lumen parking lot luminaire rated with a B2-U0-G1 BUG rating is installed
on a 20-foot pole. If this luminaire is located 2 mounting heights (40 feet)
away from the closest property line, it is acceptable for use in a lighting zone
2 (LZ2) or higher lighting zone (LZ3 or higher) location.
The luminaire lumen
output and BUG ratings can be obtained from the manufacturer or may be
calculated from photometric data.
The primary requirements for
outdoor controls are as follows:
1.
Lights Off During Daytime: All outdoor lights shall be automatically
controlled so that lights are turned off when daylight is available. [§130.2(c)1]
2.
Scheduling Controls: All outdoor lights shall be automatically controlled
by a time-based scheduling controls. [§130.2(c)2]
3.
Motion Sensing Controls: Outdoor luminaires greater than 40 watts and
mounted less than 24 ft. and above the ground shall be motion controlled, so
that the lighting
power of each luminaire shall be automatically reduced by at least 50
percent. This applies to luminaires providing general hardscape lighting, outdoor sales
lot lighting, vehicle service station hardscape lighting, or vehicle service station canopy lighting. [§130.2(c)2]
Exceptions to all outdoor lighting
controls. All lighting control requirements do not apply to any of the
following lighting applications:
1.
Lighting where a health or life safety status, ordinance, or regulation
prohibits outdoor lighting to be turned OFF or reduced.
2.
Lighting in tunnels required to be illuminated 24 hours per day and 365 days per
year.
Example 6-7
Circuiting of Non-outdoor Lighting Load
Question
Can
irrigation controllers be on the same power circuit as lighting?
Answer
Maybe, it
depends.
If there is
any outdoor lighting load on the same power circuit, the outdoor lighting load
must be independently controlled from all other non-outdoor lighting
loads.
More information of each
lighting controls are laid out in the following sections.
A.
Daylight Availability
All installed outdoor lighting must
be controlled by a photocontrol, astronomical
time-switch control, or other controls that automatically turns off the
outdoor lighting when daylight is available.
•
A photocontrol measures the amount of ambient light outdoor and when the light level
outside is high enough to indicate it is daytime, the control turns the lights
off.
•
Astronomical time clocks require an initial setup of the time clock
device and the setup may include the entry of the current date and time (and
time zone), site location (by longitude and latitude) and others (daylight
saving time). The clock calculates sunrise and sunset times (which vary by
factors such as day of the year), turns the lights off near sunrise and keeps
them off until sunset.
•
A part-night outdoor lighting control has a light sensor and a
timing mechanism to control lights relative to measured sunrise and sunset
times.
The appropriate product of
astronomical time clocks or part-night outdoor lighting controls can be used for
both daylight availability and scheduling control.
B.
Automatic
Scheduling Controls
All installed outdoor lighting
shall be controlled by an automatic scheduling
control that reduces lighting power according to a schedule.
Further, automatic scheduling
controls are required to have the capability of programming at least two
nighttime periods (a scheduled occupied period and a scheduled unoccupied
period) with different light levels (lighting power of 40 to 90 percent from
full power) if desirable by the building design and operation. More than two nighttime periods
are allowed for a building, as desirable for its activities or operations.
For the scheduled unoccupied
period, the scheduling controls shall have the capability of reducing power
between 50 percent and 90 percent and can also turn the lights off. Automatic
scheduling controls are flexible to suit changes in building activities. If new
actives warrant different operation schedules or different amounts of light is
needed for the period, the building operator can adjust the settings of the
automatic scheduling controls. The intent is to require the automatic scheduling
controls to be capable of providing different amounts of outdoor lighting
depending upon time of night. This also provides the capability to reduce
lighting power when the outdoor space is not occupied or in use.
There are applications in which
there are benefits to employ both motion sensing controls and automatic
scheduling controls. It is the intent to allow both types for meeting the
outdoor lighting control requirements. See example below.
Example 6-8
Using Automatic Scheduling Controls Plus Some Other Controls
Question
Can motion
sensing controls be used together with automatic scheduling controls?
Answer
Some
applications require the installation of motion controls. For these
applications, automatic scheduling controls are required in addition of motion sensing controls.
During the occupied period, motion sensing controls can detect vacancy of an
outdoor space and the controls can reduce the lights to a reduced state, per the
initial setup.
Example
6-9 Using Automatic Scheduling Controls for Buildings of 24x7 operation
Question
Is the
automatic scheduling control requirement applicable to a building occupied 24
hours per day, seven days per week?
Answer
Yes,
automatic scheduling controls are required for buildings that are occupied 24
hours per day, seven days per week.
Business
activities can change over time as business models and hours of operation
evolve. The required nighttime periods of a scheduled occupied period and a
scheduled unoccupied period are decided by the building owner or the building
operator, as appropriate, to suit the business needs.
Acceptance Tests Required for Automatic Scheduling
Controls
Outdoor automatic scheduling controls are required to have
acceptance test conducted to confirm the appropriate schedules are programmed
and controls have been enabled. The acceptance test procedures are detailed in
Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.8.7
and NA7.8.8.
Refer to Section
6.6.5 of this manual for details about outdoor lighting controls acceptance
test.
C.
Motion Sensing Controls
Outdoor luminaires
greater than 40 watts, where the bottom of the luminaire is mounted 24 ft. or
less above the ground, shall be operated with motion sensing controls if they
are used in the following applications:
1. General
hardscape lighting including parking lot lighting
2. Vehicle
service station hardscape lighting and canopy lighting
3. Wall
pack lighting installed for building façade, ornamental hardscape, or outdoor dining
lighting
The motion sensing
controls shall:
1. reduce the
lighting power of each luminaire by at least 50 percent and no more than 90
percent, or be capable of turning the luminaire off during unoccupied
periods.
2. be capable of
reducing the lighting to its dim or off state within 15 minutes of vacancy
detection.
3.
control no more
than 1,500 watts of lighting power by a single sensor.
Exceptions to all motion sensing
control requirements.
•
The motion control requirements do not apply to applications listed as exceptions
to Section 140.7(a).
These application exempted from the motion controls requirements of Section 130.2(c)3
when more than 50 percent of the light fails in the application. The
applications include temporary outdoor lighting, lighting for public roadways,
and lighting for public monuments – the complete listing can be found in Section
140.7(a).
A short version of the listing is also provided on the rightmost column of Table
6-1.
•
In addition, luminaires serving the following applications are not
required to have motion sensing controls:
1. Lighting for Outdoor
Sales Frontage, Building Facades, Ornamental Hardscape and Outdoor
Dining;
2. Luminaires rated 40
watts or less;
3. Lighting subject to
health or life safety statute, ordinance or regulation may have a minimum
time-out period longer than 15 minutes or a minimum dimming level above 50
percent.
Acceptance Tests Required for
Motion Sensing Controls
Motion sensing controls are
required to have an acceptance test conducted to confirm the sensor can sense
activity within the detection zone and turn the lights to their occupied
lighting power levels within the timeout period. The acceptance test procedures
are detailed in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.8.1
and NA7.8.2.
Refer to Section
6.6.5 of this manual for details about outdoor lighting controls acceptance
test.
All installed
lighting
controls listed in §110.9(b)
shall comply with the requirements listed below. In addition, all components of the system considered
together as installed shall meet all applicable requirements for the application
for which they are installed as required in §130.0
through §130.5, §140.6 through §140.8, §141.0, and §150.0(k).
Designers and installers are
advised to review features of their specified lighting control products for meeting
the requirements of Section 110.9(b)
as part of the code compliance process.
A. Time-Switch Lighting
Controls
Time-switch lighting control products shall provide
the functionality listed in Section 110.9(b)1 of the Energy
Code.
B. Daylighting
Controls
Daylighting
control products shall provide the functionality listed in Section
110.9(b)2
of the Energy Code.
C. Dimmer
Dimmer products shall
provide the functionality listed in Section
110.9(b)3 of the Energy
Code.
D. Occupant
Sensing Controls
Occupant sensing
control products (including occupant sensors, partial-ON occupant sensors,
partial-OFF occupant sensors, motion sensors, and vacancy sensor controls) shall
provide the functionality listed in Section
110.9(b)4 of the Energy
Code.
One important
functionality is the capability to automatically turn lights either off or down
within 20 minutes after the area has been vacated.
EXCEPTION
to the requirement: Occupant Sensing
Control systems may consist of a combination of single or multi-level Occupant,
Motion, or Vacancy Sensor Controls, provided that components installed to comply
with manual-on
requirements shall not be capable of conversion by occupants from manual-on to
automatic-on
functionality.
E.
Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Controls
Part-night outdoor
lighting control products shall provide the functionality listed in
Section 110.9(b)5 of the Energy
Code.
Example 6-10
Manufacturer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the
responsibility of the manufacturer with regard to using lighting control
products that are certified by the CEC and listed in the Commission’s
directories?
Answer
It is the
responsibility of the manufacturer to certify its lighting control products as
required by the applicable California Appliance Efficiency Standards (also known as Title 20
Standards). The approved products will be listed in the CEC’s directories or in
an appliance efficiency database.
Example 6-11
Designer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the
responsibility of the designer with regard to using lighting control products
that are certified by the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories?
Answer
It is the
responsibility of the designer to specify only lighting control products that
have been certified and listed in Energy Commission
directories.
Example
6-12 Installer
Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the
responsibility of the installer with regard to using lighting control products
that are certified by the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories?
Answer
It is the
responsibility of the installer to only install lighting control products that
are certified by the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories. It is also
the responsibility of the installer to sign the Installation Certificate.