The mandatory features and devices must be included in all outdoor lighting projects when they are applicable. These features have been proven to be cost-effective over a wide range of outdoor lighting applications.
Mandatory measures for outdoor lighting and signs are specified in §110.9, §130.0, and §130.2. These are similar to the mandatory measures for indoor lighting. Even if the design has errors and has specified incorrect features and devices, the installer is responsible to meet all of the applicable requirements that he or she installs. The installer is also required to sign the appropriate Installation Certificate to verify correct installation.
All outdoor luminaires with incandescent lamps rated over 100 W must be controlled by a motion sensor.
Example 6-1 Motion Sensors for Incandescent Lamps
Question
I am installing outdoor luminaires with screw-based sockets and I intend to use 60W incandescent lamps. Am I required to put these luminaires on motion sensors?
Answer
For incandescent luminaires with screw-based sockets it depends on the maximum relamping rated wattage of the luminaires, not on the wattage of the lamps that are used. If the maximum relamping rated wattage of a screw-based luminaire as 'listed on a permanent factory-installed label is less than or equal to 100 W, then motion sensors are not required. However, if the maximum relamping rated wattage of the luminaire, as 'listed on permanent factory-installed labels is more than 100 W, or if the luminaire is not labeled, then motion sensors are required.
Outdoor luminaires that use lamps or light sources rated greater than 150 W in the following areas are required to comply with uplight and glare zonal lumen limits:
•Hardscape areas, including parking lots and service stations hardscape
•All sales and non-sales canopies
•Outdoor dining
•All outdoor sales areas
Uplight and glare zonal lumen limits are not considered for outdoor luminaires when they are used to illuminate the following:
•Signs.
•Lighting for building facades, public monuments, statues, and vertical surfaces of bridges.
•Lighting required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation that may fail to meet the uplight and glare limits due to application limitations.
•Temporary outdoor lighting as defined by §100.1.
•Replacement of existing pole mounted luminaires in hardscape areas meeting all of the following conditions:
o Where the existing luminaire does not meet the luminaire uplight and glare zonal lumen limits in §130.2(b); and
o Spacing between existing poles is greater than 6 times the mounting height of the existing luminaires; and
o Where no additional poles are being added to the site; and
o Where new wiring to the luminaires is not being installed; and
o Provided that the connected lighting power wattage is not increased.
The illuminated Engineering Society of North America (IES) published (TM-15-11) the technical memorandum ’Luminaire Classification for Outdoor Luminaires’ in 2011. This document defines three-dimensional regions of analysis for exterior luminaires and further establishes zonal lumen limits for these regions as part of a larger method of categorizing outdoor lighting equipment into Backlight, Uplight, and Glare components. Collectively, the three components are referred to as the BUG system.
The zonal lumen limits per secondary solid angles for uplight and glare are based upon the methodology found in TM-15. The Lighting Zone that the project is located in determines the maximum zonal lumens for both uplight and glare. There are no separate zonal lumen limits for the Backlight component regardless of the lighting zone, because this component is intended for specific property boundary conditions, and is outside the prevue of Title 24.
To comply with this mandatory measure, the luminaire must not exceed the maximum zonal lumen limits for each secondary solid angle region within both the Uplight and Glare component per lighting zone. The zonal lumen values in a photometric test report mustinclude any tilt or other non-level mounting condition of the installed luminaire.
Within the Uplight component, there are two secondary solid angles that have maximum zonal lumen limits. The two angles are designated as Uplight High (UH) and Uplight Low (UL). Both of the zonal lumen limits must be met in order for a luminaire to be in compliance.
|
|
Secondary Solid Angle | |
|
Uplight High (UH) |
100-180 degrees | |
|
Uplight Low (UL) |
>90 to 100 degrees | |
Within the Glare component, there are four secondary solid angles that have maximum zonal lumen limits. The four angles are designated as Forward Very High (FVH), Backlight Very High (BVH), Forward High (FH), and Backlight High (BH). All four of the zonal lumen limits must be met in order for a luminaire to be in compliance. Note that the BVH and BH angles are regulated within the glare component.
|
|
Secondary Solid Angle |
|
Forward Very High (FVH) |
80 to 90 degrees |
|
Backlight Very High (BVH) Forward High (FH) Backlight High (BH) |
80 to 90 degrees 60 to <80 degrees 60 to <80 degrees |
The maximum zonal lumen limits for glare are different for asymmetrical luminaires (such as Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) then for quadrilateral symmetrical luminaires such as Type V and Type V Square. Refer to Figure 6-2 for a zonal lumen distribution illustration. The maximum zonal lumen limits for uplight are the same for both asymmetrical and quadrilateral symmetrical luminaires.
The uplight and glare values are specific for each luminaire/light source combination and orientation and therefore are not transferrable between different lamp wattage, light sources or geometric applications. .
In order to determine if a luminaire meets the zonal lumen limits for both uplight and glare, a photometric file will need to be procured from the manufacturer for the specific wattage and mounting configuration. Using lighting calculation software, the photometric file will designate the absolute lumens in each of the secondary solid angles for uplight and glare. Alternatively, many manufacturers may provide a photometric report that provides the relevant zonal lumen values for their luminaires. Using the designations in the software or on a luminaire photometric report, a comparison is made to the maximum zonal lumen limits 'listed in Table 130.2-A and 130.2-B for the lighting zone in which the luminaire is being installed. This comparison will need to be made for each luminaire type being proposed, at each wattage, and at every tilt angle of installation.
|
Secondary Solid Angle |
Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone | |||
|
OLZ1 |
OLZ2 |
OLZ3 |
OLZ4 | |
|
Uplight High (UH) 100 to 180 degrees |
10 |
50 |
500 |
1,000 |
|
Uplight Low (UL) 90 to<100 degrees |
10 |
50 |
500 |
1,000 |
|
Glare Rating for Asymmetrical Luminaire Types (Type I, II, III, IV) | ||||
|
Secondary Solid Angle |
Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone | |||
|
OLZ1 |
OLZ2 |
OLZ3 |
OLZ4 | |
|
Forward Very High (FVH) 80 to 90 degrees |
100 |
225 |
500 |
750 |
|
Backlight Very High (BVH) 80 to 90 degrees |
100 |
225 |
500 |
750 |
|
Forward High (FH) 60 to <80 degrees |
1,800 |
5,000 |
7,500 |
12,000 |
|
Backlight High (BH) 60 to <80 degrees |
500 |
1,000 |
2,500 |
5,000 |
|
Glare Rating for Quadrilateral Luminaire Types (Type V, and V Square) | ||||
|
Secondary Solid Angle |
Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone | |||
|
OLZ1 |
OLZ2 |
OLZ3 |
OLZ4 | |
|
Forward Very High (FVH) 80 to 90 degrees |
100 |
225 |
500 |
750 |
|
Backlight Very High (BVH) 80 to 90 degrees |
100 |
225 |
500 |
750 |
|
Forward High (FH) 60 to <80 degrees |
1,800 |
5,000 |
7,500 |
12,000 |
|
Backlight High (BH) 60 to <80 degrees |
1,800 |
5,000 |
7,500 |
12,000 |
Example 6-2 Backlight Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
I am installing four 200W luminaires. What are the maximum zonal lumen limits for Backlight that I have to meet?
Answer
You will need to comply with the zonal lumen limits for each solid angle zone found within the Uplight and Glare components only. Note that within the Glare component, there are two solid angle zones that include some backwards propagating light portions. Zonal lumen limits for these angles (Backlight Very High and Backlight High) are limited because they are a part of the Glare component.
Example 6-3 Obtaining Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
How are luminaire zonal lumen limits obtained?
Answer
The zonal lumen values for a particular luminaire, lamping and orientation are obtained from the manufacturer or may be calculated from photometric data. Table 130.2-A and 130.2-B list the maximum zonal lumens allowed in each solid angle zone within the Uplight and Glare categories. If the zonal lumens in any solid angle zone is exceeded in each category, the uplight or glare rating moves into a higher outdoor lighting zone.
For instance, an example photometric report indicates the following for a Type III luminaire:
|
Uplight Zonal Lumens | ||
|
Zonal Lumens |
UH |
UL |
|
135.4 |
74.9 | |
|
Glare Zonal Lumens | ||||
|
Zonal Lumens |
FVH |
BVH |
FH |
BH |
|
104.3 |
65.2 |
1935.7 |
440.8 | |
Comparing the Uplight zonal lumen values to Table 130.2-A, the luminaire is only acceptable for use in OLZ3 because both the UH and UL zonal lumen values are below 500 lumens.
Comparing the Glare zonal lumen values to Table 130.2-B for Type III luminaires, this luminaire is only acceptable for use in OLZ2. Even though there are some angles that are less than the maximum zonal lumen limits, the FVH value moves this luminaire up to OLZ2.
Combining both Uplight and Glare, this luminaire can only be used in OLZ3.
Example 6-4 Zonal Lumen Limits by Lighting Zone
Question
Do Uplight and Glare zonal lumen limits vary in the regulations?
Answer
Yes, they vary depending on lighting zone. Outdoor Lighting Zone 1 has more stringent zonal lumen requirements than Outdoor Lighting Zone 2. Refer to Table 130.2-A and 130.2-B for the zonal lumen maximums.
Example 6-5 Zonal Lumen Limits for Luminaires in a Rail Yard
Question
Am I required to meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits for luminaires in a rail yard?
Answer
No, only luminaires in areas such as hardscape areas, building entrances, canopies, or outdoor sales areas are required to meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits. However, in this example, the parking lot outside the rail yard must meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits.
Example 6-6 Full Cut-Off Luminaires and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
Can full cut-off luminaires be used to meet the zonal lumen limits of the Standards?
Answer
Luminaires using light sources of150W or greater, including full cut-off luminaires, must meet the Uplight zonal lumen limits in Table 130.2-A to meet the requirements of this section. Fully shielded luminaires have superior optics that can very effectively reduce or eliminate disability and discomfort glare, and other negative impacts of high intensity unshielded lighting. However, a traditional “full cut-off” style luminaire is not assured to meet the Uplight and Glare zonal lumen limits of Table 130.2-B, so verification will be required.
Example 6-7 Wallpacks and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
A parking lot adjacent to a building is being illuminated by 250W wall packs mounted on the side of the building. Do these wall packs have to meet the zonal lumen limits? The wall packs are also illuminating the façade of the building, but their main purpose is for parking lot illumination.
Answer
Yes, these 250W wall packs will have to meet the zonal lumen limits because their main purpose is for parking lot illumination. Luminaire mounting methods or locations do not necessarily determine the purpose of the illumination.
Each luminaire must be appropriately assigned to the function area that it is illuminating, whether it is mounted to a pole, building, or other structure. Only wall packs that are 150W or less are not required to meet the Uplight and Glare limits in the Standard.
Example 6-8 Wallpacks and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
Can we use 250W, non-cut-off wall packs for building façade lighting?
Answer
Even though façade lighting is exempt from the zonal lumen limits, you cannot consider a traditional – wall pack installation as façade lighting because most of the light from these luminaires will not illuminate the façade to which they are attached. Most ‘wall pack’ style luminaires do not direct the majority of the light exiting the luminaire onto the façade. Only wall packs that are 150W or less are not required to meet the Uplight and Glare limits in the Standard.
Example 6-9 Cut-Off Luminaires and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
If a cut-off or full cut-off luminaire is mounted at a tilt does it still meet the zonal lumen limits?
Answer
It depends. Luminaires that meet the zonal lumen limits when mounted at 90° to nadir may or may not comply with the zonal lumen limits when they are mounted at a tilt. In order for a tilted luminaire to meet this requirement a photometric test report must be provided showing that the luminaire meets the zonal lumen limits at the proposed tilt, or other non-level mounting condition.
Outdoor lighting controls shall be installed that meet the following requirements as applicable.
Controls are not required for outdoor lighting not permitted by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation to be turned OFF, and for lighting in tunnels required to be illuminated 24 hours per day and 365 days per year.
A. Automatic Shutoff Controls
All installed outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol or astronomical time switch that automatically turns off the outdoor lighting when daylight is available. Additionally, outdoor lighting must be controlled by an automatic scheduling control.
B. Circuiting
All installed outdoor lighting shall be circuited and independently controlled from other electrical loads.
Example 6-10 Circuiting of Irrigation Controllers
Question
Can irrigation controllers be on the same circuit as lighting?
Answer
No, this is not allowed. Outdoor lighting must be separately circuited from all other loads.
C. Mounting Specific Controls
All outdoor lighting, where the bottom of the luminaire is mounted 24 feet or less above the ground shall be controlled with automatic lighting controls that meet the following requirements:
•Shall be motion sensors or other lighting control systems that automatically controls lighting in response to the area being vacated of occupants.
•Shall be capable of automatically reducing the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent, or provide continuous dimming through a range that includes 40 percent through 80 percent.
•Shall employ auto-ON functionality when the area becomes occupied.
•No more than 1,500 watts of lighting power shall be controlled together.
The following applications are not required to use controls for luminaires mounted less than 24 feet above the ground:
•Lighting for Outdoor Sales Frontage, Outdoor Sales Lots, and Outdoor Sales Canopies
•Lighting for Building Facades, Ornamental Hardscape and Outdoor Dining
•Outdoor lighting, where luminaire rated wattage is determined in accordance with Section 130.0(c), and which meets one of the following conditions: pole mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 75 watts, non-pole mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 30 watts each, or linear lighting with a maximum wattage of 4 watts per linear foot of luminaire.
•Applications 'listed as Exceptions to Section 140.7(a) shall not be required to meet the requirements of Section 130.2(c) 3.
D. Application Specific Controls
For Outdoor Sales Frontage, Outdoor Sales Lots, and Outdoor Sales Canopies lighting, an automatic lighting control shall be installed that meets the following requirements:
•A part-night outdoor lighting control as defined in Section 100.1, or
•Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent, and which have auto-ON functionality.
For Building Façade, Ornamental Hardscape and Outdoor Dining lighting, an automatic lighting control shall be installed that meets one or more of the following requirements.
•A part-night outdoor lighting control as defined in section 100.1, or
•Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent, and which have auto-ON functionality, or
•A centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 50 percent.
•Note that outdoor wall mounted luminaires ‘wall packs’ where the bottom of the luminaire is mounted 24 feet or less above the ground must also be controlled by a motion sensor capable of shutting off between 40% and 80% of the load, as required by Section 130.2(c) 3.
There are a number of options available to meet the requirements of this section. Automatic controls to reduce outdoor lighting by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent are required with all of these strategies. Following are a few examples:
•Dimmable lighting systems can be used to meet the outdoor multi-level switching requirements. For HID luminaires, the high-low output approach (normally applied by switching capacitors in the ballast) capable of reducing the connected lighting power by 40 percent to 80 percent may be used. For HID and LED luminaires, stepped dimming is acceptable provided that steps are available within the 40 percent to 80 percent range. LED continuous dimming strategies are acceptable as long as their dimming capacity encompasses the 40 percent to 80 percent range.
•Equip the lighting systems with motion sensors and photoelectric switches. This option works well with fluorescent and LED sources. HID sources may employ the high-low strategy with motion sensors.
•Employ a part-night control system to set back the light level at a predetermined time after business hours.
Example 6-11 Mandatory Outdoor Requirements
Question
What are the mandatory outdoor lighting requirements?
Answer
The mandatory outdoor lighting requirements include:
• Motion sensing for incandescent luminaires rated over 100 watts
• BUG zonal lumen limits for luminaires ratings greater than 150 watts unless excluded by the code.
• Automatic controls to turn lighting OFF when daylight is available
• Separate circuiting and independently controlled from other electrical loads by an automatic scheduling control
• Motion sensing devices for luminaires mounted below 24 feet above ground that automatically reduce the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent, but not greater than 80 percent, auto-ON functionality when the area becomes occupied and no more than 1,500 watts of lighting power shall be controlled together with a single sensor.
• Outdoor Sales Frontage, Outdoor Sales Lot, and Outdoor Sales Canopies shall have a part-night control or motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent, along with auto-ON functionality.
• Building Façade, Ornamental Hardscape, and Outdoor Dining shall have a part-night control or motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent, along with auto-ON functionality, or a centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of automatically reducing lighting power by 50 percent.
All lighting controls must meet the requirements of §110.9.
Lighting control devices are required to have various types of functionality, depending on what type of control they are, and whether they are “devices” (consisting of a single component), or “systems” consisting of two or more components. Devices are regulated by the Appliance Standards (California Code of Regulations, Title 20), whereas systems are regulated by Title 24 Part 6, Section 110.9.
A. Self-contained lighting control devices are defined by the Standards as unitary lighting control modules that require no additional components to be fully functional lighting controls. Most self-contained lighting controls are required to be certified by the manufacturer according to the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations; please see the Appliance Standards Manual for details of those requirements. The following lighting controls are required to be certified to Title 20:
1. Time-Switch Lighting Controls
•Automatic Time-Switch Controls
•Astronomical Time-Switch Controls
•Multi-Level Astronomical Time-Switch Controls
•Outdoor Astronomical Time-Switch Controls
2. Daylighting Controls
•Automatic Daylight Controls
•Photo Controls
3. Dimmers
•Occupant Sensors
•Motion Sensors
•Vacancy Sensors
A part-night control device is not required to be certified to Title 20, but must meet the following requirements. A Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Control is defined by the Standards as a time or occupancy-based lighting control device or system that is programmed to reduce or turn off the lighting power to an outdoor luminaire for a portion of the night.
a. Be able to accurately predict sunrise and sunset within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within five minutes per year; and
b. Be able to setback or turn off lighting at night as required in §130.2(c), by means of a programmable timeclock or motion sensing device; and
c. When the setback or turning off is controlled with a timeclock, shall be capable of being programmed to allow the setback or turning off of the lighting to occur from any time at night until any time in the morning, as determined by the user.
B. Lighting Control Systems are defined by the Standards as requiring two or more components to be installed in the building to provide all of the functionality required to make up a fully functional and compliant lighting control. Lighting control systems are not required to be certified to Title 20, and may be installed for compliance with lighting control requirements in the Standards providing they meet all of the following requirements:
1. A lighting control system shall comply with all requirements 'listed below; and all components of the system considered together as installed shall meet all applicable requirements for the lighting control application for which they are installed as required in Sections 130.0 through 130.5, Sections 140.6 through 140.8, §141.0, and §150.0(k).
2. For all lighting control systems, including Energy Management Control Systems (EMCS), an installation certificate shall be signed by the licensee of record in accordance with §130.4(b) and Nonresidential Appendix NA7.
3. If there are indicator lights that are integral to a lighting control system, they shall consume no more than one watt of power per indicator light.
4. A lighting control system shall meet all of the requirements in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations for the identical self-contained lighting control device it is installed to function as. For example, if a lighting control system is installed to comply with the requirements for an occupancy sensor, then the system shall comply with all of the requirements for an occupancy sensor in Title 20.
5. If the system is installed to function as a partial-on or partial-off occupant sensor, the installation may be made up of a combination of single or multi-level Occupant, Motion, or Vacancy Sensor Controls, provided that the components installed to comply with manual-on requirements shall not be capable of conversion by the user from manual-on to automatic-on functionality.
Example 6-12 Manufacturer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the manufacturer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and 'listed in the Energy Commission directories?
Answer
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to certify its specific controls and to present the data to the Energy Commission so that it can be 'listed in the Energy Commission directories.
Example 6-13 Designer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the designer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and 'listed in the Energy Commission directories?
Answer
It is the responsibility of the designer to specify only lighting controls that have been 'listed certified and 'listed in the Energy Commission directories.
Example 6-14 Installer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the installer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and 'listed in the Energy Commission directories?
Answer
It is the responsibility of the installer to install only controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and 'listed in the Energy Commission directories. It is also the responsibility of the installer to sign the Installation Certificate.