(NR) 6.3 Mandatory Measures

The mandatory features and devices must be included in all outdoor lighting projects when they are applicable. These features have been proven to be cost-effective over a wide range of outdoor lighting applications.

Mandatory measures for outdoor lighting and signs are specified in §110.9, §130.0, and §130.2. These are similar to the mandatory measures for indoor lighting. Even if the design has errors and has specified incorrect features and devices, the installer is responsible to meet all of the applicable requirements that he or she installs. The installer is also required to sign the appropriate Installation Certificate to verify correct installation.

6.3.1 Outdoor Incandescent Lighting

All outdoor incandescent luminaires rated over 100 W must be controlled by a motion sensor. The ability or intent to use a lower wattage is not relevant to the labelled wattage of the luminaire, which is the ultimate determining factor.

Example 6-1 Motion Sensors for Incandescent Lamps

Question

I am installing outdoor luminaires with screw-based sockets and I intend to use 60W incandescent lamps. The luminaire has a label on it that indicates that the maximum rated wattage is 75 watts. Am I required to put these luminaires on motion sensors?

Answer

It depends on the maximum relamping rated wattage of the luminaires, not on the wattage of the lamps that are used for incandescent luminaires with screw-based sockets. If the maximum relamping rated wattage of a screw-based luminaire as listed on a permanent factory-installed label is less than or equal to 100 W, then motion sensors are not required. However, if the maximum relamping rated wattage of the luminaire, as listed on permanent factory-installed labels is more than 100 W, or if the luminaire is not labeled, then motion sensors are required. This luminaire is rated below 100 watts, and therefore is not required to be connected to a motion sensor.

Example 6-2 Motion Sensors for Incandescent Lamps

Question

I am installing outdoor luminaires with screw-based sockets and I intend to use 60W incandescent lamps. There are three lamps per luminaire, and the rated lamp wattage per socket is 75 watts. Am I required to put these luminaires on motion sensors?

Answer

For incandescent luminaires with screw-based sockets it depends on the maximum relamping rated wattage of the luminaires, not on the wattage of the lamps that are used. If the maximum combined relamping rated wattage of a screw-based luminaire as listed on a permanent factory-installed label is less than or equal to 100 W, then motion sensors are not required. However, this luminaire has three lamps rated for a combined wattage of 225 watts, therefore motion sensors are required.

6.3.2 Luminaire Cutoff Requirements

All outdoor luminaires rated for use with lamps greater than 150 lamp watts must comply with Backlight, Uplight, and Glare (collectively referred to as "BUG") requirements as follows:

Note: Title 24, Part 11, Section 5.106.8 includes additional restrictions on backlight, uplight and glare that may apply.

Table 6-2 A: Uplight Ratings (Maximum Zonal Lumens)

Secondary Solid Angle	Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone
Secondary Solid Angle	LZ0	LZ 1	LZ 2	LZ 3	LZ 4
Uplight High (UH) 100 to 180 degrees	0	10	50	500	1,000
Uplight Low (UL) 90 to <100 degrees	0	10	50	500	1,000

Table 6-2 B: Glare Ratings (Maximum Zonal Lumens)

	Glare Rating for Asymmetrical Luminaire Types (Type 1, Type II, Type III, Type IV)
Secondary Solid Angle			Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone
Secondary Solid Angle		LZ 0	LZ 1	LZ 2	LZ 3	LZ 4
Forward Very High (FVH) 80 to 90 degrees		10	100	225	500	750
Backlight Very High (BVH) 80 to 90 degrees		10	100	225	500	750
Forward High (FH) 60 to <80 degrees		660	1,800	5,000	7,500	12,000
Backlight High (BH) 60 to <80 degrees		110	500	1,000	2,500	5,000
	Glare Rating for Quadrilateral Symmetrical Luminaire Types (Type V, Type V Square)
Secondary Solid Angle			Maximum Zonal Lumens per Outdoor Lighting Zone
Secondary Solid Angle		LZ 0	LZ 1	LZ 2	LZ 3	LZ 4
Forward Very High (FVH) 80 to 90 degrees		10	100	225	500	750
Backlight Very High (BVH) 80 to 90 degrees		10	100	225	500	750
Forward High (FH) 60 to <80 degrees		660	1,800	5,000	7,500	12,000
Backlight High (BH) 60 to <80 degrees		660	1,800	5,000	7,500	12,000

Outdoor luminaires that use lamps or light sources rated greater than 150 W in the following areas are required to comply with uplight and glare zonal lumen limits specified in Tables 6.2-A and B:

Uplight and glare zonal lumen limits are not considered for outdoor luminaires when they are used to illuminate the following:

• Lighting for building facades, public monuments, statues, and vertical surfaces of bridges

• Lighting required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation that may fail to meet the uplight and glare limits due to application limitations

• Replacement of existing pole mounted luminaires in hardscape areas meeting all of the following conditions:

o Where the existing luminaire does not meet the luminaire uplight and glare zonal lumen limits.

o Spacing between existing poles is greater than 6 times the mounting height of the existing luminaires.

IES published the technical memorandum ’Luminaire Classification for Outdoor Luminaires’ in 2011 (TM-15-11). This document defines three-dimensional regions of analysis for exterior luminaires and further establishes zonal lumen limits for these regions as part of a larger method of categorizing outdoor lighting equipment into Backlight, Uplight, and Glare components. Collectively, the three components are referred to as the BUG system.

The zonal lumen limits per secondary solid angles for uplight and glare are based upon the methodology found in TM-15. The Lighting Zone that the project is located in determines the maximum zonal lumens for both uplight and glare. There are no separate zonal lumen limits for the Backlight component in the Energy Standards, regardless of the lighting zone. This component is intended for property boundary conditions and is intended to help determine the suitability of specific products to mitigate light trespass, and is therefore outside the prevue of Title 24.

To comply with this mandatory measure, the luminaire must not exceed the maximum zonal lumen limits for each secondary solid angle region (within both the Uplight and Glare component) per lighting zone. The zonal lumen values in a photometric test report must include any tilt or other non-level mounting condition of the installed luminaire.

The BUG rating for luminaires may be determined with outdoor lighting software or by contacting the manufacturer. There is also software available to produce a BUG rating for a tilted luminaire condition (which is not a typical circumstance for most applications). Since the California BUG limits and calculation procedures match the IES, no deviation from the IES BUG rating is necessary.

Example 6-3 Backlight Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

I am installing four 200W luminaires. What are the maximum zonal lumen limits for Backlight that I have to meet?

Answer

You will need to comply with the zonal lumen limits for each solid angle zone found within the Uplight and Glare components only (the U and G portions of the BUG rating) and the Energy Standards does not have backlight requirements. Note that within the Glare component, there are two solid angle zones that include some backwards propagating light portions. This is built into the zonal lumen limits, and if the U and G ratings meet the Lighting Zone, then no further consideration is necessary.

Example 6-4 Obtaining Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

How are luminaire zonal lumen limits obtained?

Answer

The zonal lumen values for a particular luminaire, lamping and orientation are obtained from the manufacturer or may be calculated from photometric data. In the Code, Tables 130.2-A and 130.2-B list the maximum zonal lumens allowed in each solid angle zone within the Uplight and Glare categories. If the zonal lumens in any solid angle zone is exceeded in any category, the uplight or glare rating moves into a higher outdoor lighting zone.

For instance, an example photometric report indicates the following for a Type III luminaire:

Uplight Zonal Lumins
UH: 135.4 UL: 74.9

Glare Zonal Lumins

FVH: 104.3 BVH: 65.2 FH: 1935.7 BH: 440.8

Referring to Table 130.2-A, the luminaire is only acceptable for use in LZ3 or higher because both the UH and UL zonal lumen values are below 500 lumens, but greater than 50 lumens.

Comparing the glare zonal lumen values to Table 130.2-B for Type III luminaires, this luminaire is only acceptable for use in LZ2 or higher. Even though there are some angles that are less than the maximum zonal lumen limits, the FVH value moves this luminaire up to LZ2.

The final result is the larger of the two ratings. Therefore, combining both Uplight (LZ2) and Glare (LZ3), this luminaire can only be used in LZ3 or higher applications.

Example 6-5 Zonal Lumen Limits by Lighting Zone

Question

Do Uplight and Glare zonal lumen limits vary in the regulations?

Answer

Yes, they vary depending on lighting zone. Outdoor Lighting Zone 1 has more stringent zonal lumen requirements than Outdoor Lighting Zone 2. Refer to Table 130.2-A and 130.2-B in the Energy Standards for the zonal lumen maximums for each particular Lighting Zone.

Example 6-6 Zonal Lumen Limits for Luminaires in a Rail Yard

Question

Am I required to meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits for luminaires in a rail yard?

Answer

No, only luminaires in areas such as hardscape areas, building entrances, canopies, or outdoor sales areas are required to meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits. However, in this example, the parking lot for the employees outside the rail yard must meet the uplight and glare zonal lumen limits.

Example 6-7 Full Cut-Off Luminaires and Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

Can full cut-off luminaires be used to meet the zonal lumen limits of the Energy Standards?

Answer

Luminaires using light sources of 150W or greater, including full cut-off luminaires, must meet the Uplight zonal lumen limits in Tables 130.2-A to meet the requirements of this section. Fully shielded luminaires have superior optics that can very effectively reduce or eliminate disability and discomfort glare, and other negative impacts of high intensity unshielded lighting. However, a traditional “full cut-off” style luminaire is not assured to meet the Uplight and Glare zonal lumen limits of Table 130.2-B, so verification will be required.

Example 6-8 Wallpacks and Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

A new parking lot adjacent to a building is being designed to be illuminated by 250W wall packs mounted on the side of the building. Do these wall packs have to meet the zonal lumen limits? The wall packs are also illuminating the façade of the building, but their main purpose is for parking lot illumination.

Answer

Yes, these 250W wall packs will have to meet the zonal lumen limits because their main purpose is for parking lot illumination. Luminaire mounting methods or locations do not necessarily determine the purpose of the illumination. Define the function of the luminaire by determining what the majority of the light is striking. In the case a typical wallpack, 80% or more of the light is likely striking the parking lot or sidewalk in front of the building, and only 20% or less on the façade, so this will be required for verification of the zonal limits.

Each luminaire must be appropriately assigned to the function area that it is illuminating, whether it is mounted to a pole, building, or other structure. Only luminaires that are 150W or less are not required to meet the Uplight and Glare limits in the Energy Standards.

Example 6-9 Wallpacks and Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

Can we use 250W, non-cut-off wall packs for building façade lighting?

Answer

Even though façade lighting is exempt from the zonal lumen limits, you cannot consider a traditional – wall pack installation as façade lighting because most of the light from these luminaires will not illuminate the façade to which they are attached. Most ‘wall pack’ style luminaires do not direct the majority of the light exiting the luminaire onto the façade. Only wall packs that are 150W or less are not required to meet the Uplight and Glare limits in the Energy Standards.

Example 6-10 Cut-Off Luminaires and Zonal Lumen Limits

Question

If a cut-off or full cut-off luminaire is mounted at a tilt does it still meet the zonal lumen limits?

Answer

It depends. Luminaires that meet the zonal lumen limits when mounted at 90° to nadir may or may not comply with the zonal lumen limits when they are mounted at a tilt. In order for a tilted luminaire to meet this requirement a photometric test report must be provided showing that the luminaire meets the zonal lumen limits at the proposed tilt, or other non-level mounting condition. This can be provided by the manufacturer or calculated by various lighting calculation software products available in the industry. A test will be required for each unique tilt situation (as the tilt angle changes, the BUG rating will also change).

6.3.3 Controls for Outdoor Lighting

Outdoor lighting controls shall be installed that meet the following requirements as applicable.

Controls are not required for outdoor lighting when a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation does not permit the lighting to be turned OFF. Controls are also not required for lighting in tunnels required to be illuminated 24 hours per day and 365 days per year.

All installed outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol or outdoor astronomical time-switch controls that automatically turns off the outdoor lighting when daylight is available. Also note for the automatic scheduling controls requirement for outdoor lighting to be turned off for a portion of the night and the day.

All installed outdoor lighting, where the bottom of the luminaire is mounted 24 feet or less above the ground, shall be controlled with automatic lighting controls that meet all of the following requirements:

1. Include motion sensors or other lighting control systems that automatically control lighting in response to the area being vacated of occupants.

2. Be capable of automatically reducing the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 90 percent, or provide continuous dimming through a range that includes 40 percent through 90 percent.

4. Ensure that no more than 1,500 watts of lighting power are controlled together.

This requires that lower wattage lighting mounted on shorter poles, be controlled to dim back during the time that the space is 'open for business', but does not have occupants present. An example might be a plaza on an office building, or an outdoor retail space.

The lighting may also have a time switch (time-based control) or other scheduling device so that the lighting will be turned off during the after-hours period. These may be combined into a single intelligent device, but it may also be accomplished through the use of two separate control mechanisms.

The lighting controller and lighting equipment as a system must be capable of dimming the lighting back from full power to a reduced power level that represents at least a 40% reduction, and at most a 90% reduction. This requirement does not insist that every lamp be capable of this setback, but that the luminaire is capable. The intent is that the lighting maintains a reasonable uniformity compared to the original design rather than employing a 'checker board' approach to meet the power reduction requirement.

The 1500 watt limit is intended to keep the size of the lighting zones small enough to ensure that the lighting will be setback enough to make the lighting controls cost effective.

However, not all lighting must be controlled in this manner. For the following applications, the motion controls requirements for outdoor luminaires mounted less than 24 feet above the ground are not mandatory, as discussed in greater detail below:

• Outdoor lighting which meets one of the following conditions: pole mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 75 watts, non-pole mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 30 watts each, or linear lighting with a maximum wattage of 4 watts per linear foot of luminaire.

For Outdoor Sales Frontage lighting, an automatic lighting control shall be installed that meets the following requirements:

• A part-night outdoor lighting control to permit the lighting to be activated at sunset, and be programmed to turned OFF at some point in the night after the business has closed,

• Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 90 percent, and which have auto-ON functionality.

Note that Sales Frontage lighting does not typically have an area where a motion sensor can be employed to create a viable occupancy-based control. This is the primary reason that this area is exempted from §130.2(c)3, and this alternate approach be employed. This area is still required to meet requirements for Automatic Shutoff Controls, and Automatic Scheduling Controls.

For Building Façade, Ornamental Hardscape and Outdoor Dining applications, an automatic lighting control shall be installed that meets one or more of the following requirements.

• Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 90 percent, and which have auto-ON functionality.

• A centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 50 percent.

These requirements essentially add part-night control and centralized lighting control options in addition to the occupancy-based control option. Some of these applications are done because occupancy-based control is not viable for these applications (façade and ornamental are examples of this), and others because it may be disturbing to the mood or the visual impact may be undesirable when lighting is changing. These areas are still required to employ the Automatic Shutoff Control from §130.2(c)1.

Note that outdoor wall mounted luminaires (often called ‘wallpacks’) where the bottom of the luminaire is mounted 24 feet or less above the ground must also be controlled by a motion sensor capable of shutting off between 40% and 90% of the load, as required by §130.2(c)3. The point of including this is to direct the reader to the appropriate section for that luminaire type, as this is a common misapplication of the Code.

Example 6-12 Mandatory Outdoor Requirements

Question

What are the mandatory outdoor lighting requirements?

Answer

The mandatory outdoor lighting requirements include:

• Motion sensing for incandescent luminaires rated over 100 watts

• BUG Uplight and Glare zonal lumen limits for luminaires ratings greater than 150 watts unless excluded by the code.

• Automatic controls to turn lighting OFF when daylight is available

• Separate circuiting and independently controlled from other electrical loads by an automatic scheduling control

• Motion sensing devices for luminaires mounted below 24 feet above ground that automatically reduce the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent, but not greater than 90 percent, auto-ON functionality when the area becomes occupied and no more than 1500 watts of lighting power on a single control zone.

• Outdoor Sales Frontage lighting shall have a part-night outdoor lighting control or motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 90 percent.

• Building Façade, Ornamental Hardscape, and Outdoor Dining shall have a part-night outdoor lighting control or motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 90 percent, or a centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 50 percent.

All lighting controls must meet the requirements of §110.9.

6.3.4 Requirements for Lighting Control Functionality

All Installed Lighting Control Systems listed in §110.9(b) shall comply with the requirements listed below; and all components of the system considered together as installed shall meet all applicable requirements for the application for which they are installed as required in §130.0 through §130.5, §140.6 through §140.8, §141.0, and §150.0(k).

1. Automatic Time-Switch Controls shall meet all requirements for Automatic Time Switch Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

2. Astronomical Time-Switch Controls shall meet all requirements for Astronomical Time-Switch Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

3. Multi-Level Astronomical Time-Switch Controls, in addition to meeting all of the requirements for Astronomical Time-Switch Controls, shall include at least 2 separately programmable steps per zone.

4. Outdoor Astronomical Time-Switch Controls, in addition to meeting all of the requirements for Astronomical Time-Switch Controls, shall have setback functions that allow the lighting on each controlled channel to be switched or dimmed to lower levels. The setback functions shall be capable of being programmed by the user for at least one specific time of day.

1. Automatic Daylight Controls shall meet all requirements for Automatic Daylight Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

2. Photo Controls shall meet all requirements for Photo Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

C. Dimmers shall meet all requirements for Dimmer Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

D. Occupant Sensing Controls: Occupant, Motion, and Vacancy Sensor Controls shall meet the following requirements:

1. Occupant Sensors shall meet all applicable requirements for Occupant Sensor Control devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

2. Motion Sensors shall meet all applicable requirements for Motion Sensor Controls devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

3. Vacancy Sensors shall meet all applicable requirements for Vacancy Sensor Controls devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

4. Partial-ON Sensors shall meet all applicable requirements for partial on sensing devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

5. Partial-OFF Sensors shall meet all applicable requirements for partial off sensing devices in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

6. All Occupant Sensing Control types shall be programmed to turn OFF all or part of the lighting no longer than 20 minutes after the space is vacated of occupants, except as specified by §130.1(c)8.

EXCEPTION to §110.9(b)4: Occupant Sensing Control systems may consist of a combination of single or multi-level Occupant, Motion, or Vacancy Sensor Controls, provided that components installed to comply with manual-on requirements shall not be capable of conversion by the user from manual-on to automatic-on functionality.

E. Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Controls, as defined in §100.1, shall meet all of the following requirements:

1. Have sunrise and sunset prediction accuracy within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within five minutes per year; and

2. Have the ability to setback or turn off lighting at night as required in §130.2(c), by means of a programmable timeclock or motion sensing device; and

3. When controlled with a timeclock, shall be capable of being programmed to allow the setback or turning off of the lighting to occur from any time at night until any time in the morning, as determined by the user.

Lighting control devices are required to have various types of functionality, depending on what type of control they are, and whether they are “devices” (consisting of a single component), or “systems” consisting of two or more components. Lighting control devices are regulated by Title 20 California Code of Regulations the Appliance Standards (California Code of Regulations, Title 20), whereas lighting control systems are regulated by §110.9 of the Energy Standards. See below for a more detailed explanation of lighting control devices and systems:

A. Self-contained lighting control devices are defined by the Energy Standards as unitary lighting control modules that require no additional components to be fully functional lighting controls. Most self-contained lighting controls are required to be certified by the manufacturer according to the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations; please see the Appliance Standards Manual for details of those requirements. The following lighting controls related to outdoor lighting control, are required to be certified to Title 20 as specified in §110.9(b):

A Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Control is defined by the Energy Standards as a time or occupancy-based lighting control device or system that is programmed to reduce or turn off the lighting power to an outdoor luminaire for a portion of the night.

A part-night control device is not required to be certified to Title 20, but must meet the requirements as specified in §110.9(b)5. It must:

a. Be able to accurately predict sunrise and sunset within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within five minutes per year; and

b. Be able to setback or turn off lighting at night as required in §130.2(c), by means of a programmable timeclock or motion sensing device; and

c. When the setback or turning off is controlled with a timeclock, shall be capable of being programmed to allow the setback or turning off of the lighting to occur from any time at night until any time in the morning, as determined by the user.

B. Lighting Control Systems are defined by the Energy Standards as requiring two or more components to be installed in the building to provide all of the functionality required to make up a fully functional and compliant lighting control. Lighting control systems are not required to be certified to Title 20, and may be installed for compliance with lighting control requirements in the Energy Standards providing they meet all of the following requirements:

1. A lighting control system shall comply with all requirements listed below; and all components of the system considered together as installed shall meet all applicable requirements for the lighting control application for which they are installed as required in §130.0 through §130.5, §140.6 through §140.8, §141.0, and §150(k).

2. For all lighting control systems, including Energy Management Control Systems (EMCS), an installation certificate shall be signed by the licensee of record in accordance with §130.4(b) and Nonresidential Appendix NA7

3. If there are indicator lights that are integral to a lighting control system, they shall consume no more than one watt of power per indicator light.

4. A lighting control system shall meet all of the requirements in the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations for the identical self-contained lighting control device it is installed to function as. For example, if a lighting control system is installed to comply with the requirements for an occupancy sensor, then the system shall comply with all of the requirements for an occupancy sensor in Title 20.

5. If the system is installed to function as a partial-on or partial-off occupant sensor, the installation may be made up of a combination of single or multi-level Occupant, Motion, or Vacancy Sensor Controls, provided that the components installed to comply with manual-on requirements shall not be capable of conversion by the user from manual-on to automatic-on functionality.

Example 6-13 Manufacturer Responsibility for Certified Controls

Question

What is the responsibility of the manufacturer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and listed in the Energy Commission directories?

Answer

It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to certify its specific controls and to present the data to the Energy Commission so that it can be listed in the Energy Commission directories.

Example 6-14 Designer Responsibility for Certified Controls

Question

What is the responsibility of the designer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and listed in the Energy Commission directories?

Answer

It is the responsibility of the designer to specify only lighting controls that have been listed certified and listed in the Energy Commission directories.

Example 6-15 Installer Responsibility for Certified Controls

Question

What is the responsibility of the installer with regard to using lighting controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and listed in the Energy Commission directories?

Answer

It is the responsibility of the installer to install only controls that are certified by the Energy Commission and listed in the Energy Commission directories. It is also the responsibility of the installer to sign the Installation Certificate.