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SECTION 120.7 – MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES

Nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings shall comply with the applicable requirements in Sections 120.7(a) through 120.7(e).

(a) Roof/Ceiling insulation. The opaque portions of the roof/ceiling that separates conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 through 3 below:


1. Metal building. The weighted average U-factor of the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.098.
2. Wood framed and others. The weighted average U-factor of the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.075.
3. Insulation placement. Insulation installed to limit heat loss and gain from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces shall comply with all of the following:
A. Insulation shall be installed in direct contact with a roof or ceiling that is sealed to limit infiltration and exfiltration as specified in Section 110.7. This may include, but is not limited to, placing insulation either above or below the roof deck or on top of the finished ceiling.
B. When insulation is installed at the roof in nonresidential buildings, fixed vents or openings to the outdoors or to unconditioned spaces shall not be installed. When the space between the ceiling and the roof is either directly or indirectly conditioned space, it shall not be considered an attic for the purposes of complying with CBC attic ventilation requirements.
C. Insulation placed on top of a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels shall not be used to meet the Roof/Ceiling requirement of Sections 140.3 and 141.0.

Exception to Section 120.7(a)3: When there are conditioned spaces with a combined floor area no greater than 2,000 square feet in an otherwise unconditioned building, and when the average height of the space between the ceiling and the roof over these spaces is greater than 12 feet, insulation placed in direct contact with a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels shall be an acceptable method of reducing heat loss from a conditioned space and shall be accounted for in heat loss calculations.

Note: Vents that do not penetrate the roof deck and are instead designed for wind resistance for roof membranes are not within the scope of Section 120.7(a)3B.

(b) Wall insulation. The opaque portions of walls that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 through 7 below:
1. Metal building. The weighted average U-factor of the wall assembly shall not exceed 0.113.
2. Metal framed. The weighted average U-factor of the wall assembly shall not exceed 0.151.
3. Light mass walls. A 6 inch or greater hollow core concrete masonry unit shall have a U-factor not to exceed 0.440.
4. Heavy mass walls. An 8 inch or greater hollow core concrete masonry unit shall have a U-factor not to exceed 0.690.
5. Wood framed and others. The weighted average U-factor of the wall assembly shall not exceed 0.110.
6. Spandrel panels and curtain wall. The weighted average U-factor of the spandrel panels and curtain wall assembly shall not exceed 0.280.
7. Demising walls. The opaque portions of framed demising walls shall meet the requirements of Item A or B below:
A. Wood framed walls shall be insulated to meet a U-factor not greater than 0.099.
B. Metal Framed walls shall be insulated to meet a U-factor not greater than 0.151.
(c) Floor and soffit insulation. The opaque portions of floors and soffits that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 and 2 below:
1. Raised mass floors. Shall have a minimum of 3 inches of lightweight concrete over a metal deck or the weighted average U-factor of the floor assembly shall not exceed 0.269.
2. Other floors. The weighted average U-factor of the floor assembly shall not exceed 0.071.
3. Heated slab on grade floor. A heated slab on grade floor shall be insulated to meet the requirements of Section 110.8(g).
(d) Exterior Windows. Vertical fenestration assemblies shall have an area weighted average U- factor no greater than 0.47.

Exception to Section 120.7(d): Fenestration installed in buildings meeting Part 7 of the California Building Code, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, and where the building is located in Fire Hazard Severity Zones or Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Areas as designated by the local enforcement agency.


(e) Vestibules. Public entrances in newly constructed buildings of Group A, B, E, I, and M occupancies shall include an enclosed vestibule meeting the applicable requirements of Items 1 and 2 below:
  1. All doors opening into and out of the vestibule shall be equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the vestibule it is not necessary for the interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. The installation of one or more revolving doors in the building entrance shall not eliminate the requirement that a vestibule be provided on any main entrance doors adjacent to revolving doors.
  2. Where provided, the heating system for heated vestibules and air curtains with integral heating shall be provided with controls configured to shut off the source of heating when the outdoor air temperature is greater than 45°F. Vestibules heating and cooling systems shall be controlled by a thermostat located in the vestibule which is configured to limit heating to a temperature not greater than 60°F and cooling to a temperature not less than 85°F.

Exceptions to Section 120.7(e): Vestibules are not required for the following:

  1. Doors not intended to be used by the public, such as doors to mechanical or electrical equipment rooms, or intended solely for employee use.
  2. Doors opening directly from a sleeping unit or dwelling unit.
  3. Doors that open directly from a space less than 3,000 square feet in area.
  4. Revolving doors installed where a public entrance to a newly constructed building is required.
  5. Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or material handling and adjacent personnel doors.
  6. Doors that have an air curtain with a velocity of not less than 6.56 feet per second at the floor that have been tested in accordance with ANSI/AMCA 220 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Manual or automatic controls shall be provided that operate the air curtain with the opening and closing of the door.
  7. Public entrances in buildings that are located in Climate Zones 2 through 13 where the building is less than four stories above grade and less than 10,000 square feet in of gross conditioned floor area.
  8. Buildings with building plans that have been submitted to the local planning department before the effective date of the 2025 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, where compliance with the vestibules requirements of Section 120.7(e) would require a resubmittal for approval.                                    

Exception to Section 120.7: A dedicated building used solely as a data center that has a total covered process load exceeding 750 kW.

Note: Authority: Sections 25213, 25218, 25218.5, 25402 and 25402.1, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 25007, 25008, 25218.5, 25310, 25402, 25402.1, 25402.4, 25402.8, and 25943, Public Resources Code.

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