11.7   Indoor and Outdoor Lighting

This chapter covers requirements for lighting in multifamily buildings, including dwelling units, interior common use areas, and outdoor areas. Requirements for lighting in nonresidential spaces in mixed use buildings are covered in Chapter 5 (Nonresidential Manual).

Lighting requirements in multifamily buildings vary between dwelling units, common use areas and outdoor areas. For dwelling units, all the lighting requirements are mandatory. There are luminaire requirements and lighting control requirements for dwelling unit lighting installations. For lighting in common use areas and outdoor areas, requirements include mandatory, prescriptive and performance options, and calculations of lighting power and maximum lighting power thresholds.

Table 11-62 provides an overview of the location of the lighting requirements in the 2022 Energy Code by system building type and where descriptions reside in this document.

Table 11-62: Overview of Multifamily Lighting Requirements

11.7.1      What’s New for the 2022 California Energy Code

This section summarizes changes to the requirements for multifamily lighting for the 2022 Energy Code.

•    Compiles all lighting requirements for all parts of multifamily buildings into a standalone Multifamily Standard. Requirements for dwelling unit lighting largely align with the single-family residential lighting standards, and requirements for common use areas and outdoor areas in multifamily buildings largely align with the nonresidential lighting standards.

•    Eliminates building proportion thresholds for common use areas and consolidates all requirements for multifamily common use areas under a single system.

•    Eliminates all thresholds for variable outdoor lighting requirements and consolidates multifamily outdoor lighting requirements under a single system.

11.7.2      Dwelling Unit Mandatory Lighting Requirements

All requirements relating to lighting within dwelling units and any outdoor lighting controlled from within dwelling units are mandatory. All requirements for dwelling unit lighting align with the applicable single-family residential lighting requirements. Requirements for dwelling unit lighting are described in the sections below.

11.7.2.1    Dwelling Unit Luminaire Requirements

The Standards for dwelling unit lighting require all permanently installed luminaires to be high luminous efficacy, as specified in §160.5(a). Permanently installed lighting is defined in §100.1 and includes:

•   Lighting attached to walls, ceilings, or columns.

•   Track and flexible lighting systems.

•   Lighting inside permanently installed cabinets.

•   Lighting attached to the top or bottom of permanently installed cabinets.

•   Lighting attached to ceiling fans.

•   Lighting integral to exhaust fans.

•   Lighting integral to garage door openers if it is used as general lighting, is switched independently from the garage door opener, and does not automatically turn off after a pre-determined amount of time.

The following are examples of non-permanently installed lighting:

•   Portable lighting as defined by §100.1 (including, but not limited to, table and freestanding floor lamps with plug-in connections)

•   Lighting installed by the manufacturer in refrigerators, stoves, microwave ovens, exhaust hoods for cooking equipment

Table 11-63 summarizes the requirements for dwelling unit high luminous efficacy luminaires. There are luminaires automatically classified as high luminous efficacy, luminaires that must use JA8-certified light sources or lamps, and recessed downlight luminaires in ceilings. These categories are described in more detail in the following sections.

Table 11-63: Summary of Compliant Luminaire Types for Dwelling Units

11.7.2.2    Dwelling Unit Luminaires – High Luminous Efficacy by Default

Luminaires in any of the following categories are classified high luminous efficacy and do not have to comply with the requirements of Reference Joint Appendix JA8 (refer to next section for details).

a.    LED luminaires installed outdoors

b.    Inseparable solid-state lighting (SSL) luminaires containing colored light sources for decorative lighting purpose.

c.     Pin-based linear fluorescent luminaires or compact fluorescent luminaires using electronic ballasts

d.    High intensity discharge (HID) luminaires including pulse-start metal halide luminaires and high pressure sodium luminaires

e.    Luminaires with induction lamp and hardwired high frequency generator

f.     Ceiling fan light kits that are subject to federal appliance regulations.

11.7.2.3    Dwelling Unit Luminaires – JA-8 Compliant

Luminaires not listed in the previous section must have an integral light source or removable lamp that meets the performance requirements of JA8. The requirements in JA8 allow any type of light source, such as LED, as long as it provides energy-efficient lighting and meets minimum performance characteristics. In addition to setting minimum efficacy requirements (lumens/Watt), JA8 establishes performance requirements that ensure accurate color rendition, dimmability, and reduced noise and flicker during operation.

Luminaires with integral sources, such as LED luminaires, must be certified to the Energy Commission as meeting the JA8 requirements. Luminaires that have changeable lamps (such as screw-base luminaires) must be installed with JA8-certified lamps.

Luminaires and lamps that are certified to the Energy Commission must be marked on the product as described in JA8. Lamps that will be installed in elevated temperature applications such as in enclosed luminaires must have a JA8-2022-E marking to indicate that the product has passed the more stringent ENERGY STAR Elevated Temperature Life test.

Luminaires that can be classified as high luminous efficacy by meeting the requirements of JA8 include:

•    LED luminaires with integral light sources that are certified to the Energy Commission.

•    Ceiling recessed downlight luminaires with JA8 certified light sources (the luminaire must not contain screw-based lamp sockets).

•    Screw-based luminaires with JA8-certified lamps.

•    Low-voltage pin-based luminaires with JA8-certified lamps.

Almost any luminaire can be classified as high luminous efficacy, as long as the luminaire is installed with a JA8 certified lamp or light source. The exception is recessed downlight luminaires in ceilings, which must meet additional requirements.

The Energy Commission maintains a database of certified JA8 certified luminaires, lamps, and light sources. The database can be accessed using a Quick Search Tool  or an Advanced Search.

11.7.2.4  Recessed Downlight Luminaires in Dwelling Unit Ceilings

In addition to the high luminous-efficacy requirements described above, there are several additional requirements for dwelling unit downlight luminaires that are recessed in ceilings.

Recessed downlight luminaires are limited to specific light sources and lamp types that may be used. Recessed downlight luminaires:

1.    Must contain light sources that are JA8-certified.

2.    Must not contain screw-based lamps.

3.    Must not contain light sources that are labeled not for use in enclosed luminaires or not for use in recessed luminaires.

All recessed downlight luminaires must contain a light source or lamp that is JA8-certified, such as an integral LED source or LED lamp. Screw-based lamps such as LED A-lamps or LED PAR lamps are not allowed. Pin-based lamps such as LED MR-16 lamps are allowed in recessed luminaires as long as they are JA8-certified.

In addition to the light source and lamp requirements listed, recessed downlight luminaires in ceilings must meet all the following requirements:

1.    Have a label that certifies the luminaire is airtight with air leakage less than 2.0 cubic ft. per minute at 75 Pascals when tested in accordance with ASTM E283 (exhaust fan housings with integral lighting are not required to be certified airtight).

2.    Be sealed with a gasket or caulk between the luminaire housing and ceiling, and have all air leak paths between conditioned and unconditioned spaces sealed with a gasket or caulk, or be installed per manufacturer’s instructions to maintain airtightness between the luminaire housing and ceiling.

3.    Meet the clearance and installation requirements of California Electrical Code Section 410.116 for recessed luminaires which requires the following.

o  A recessed luminaire that is not identified for contact with insulation, non-Type IC, must have all recessed parts spaced not less th½1/2 inch from combustible materials. The points of support and the trim finishing off the openings in the ceiling must be permitted to be in contact with combustible materials.

o  A recessed luminaire that is identified for contact with insulation, Type IC, must be permitted to be in contact with combustible materials at recessed parts, points of support, and portions passing through or finishing off the opening in the building structure.

o  Thermal insulation must not be installed above a recessed luminaire or within 3 inches of the recessed lumina’re's enclosure, wiring compartment, ballast, transformer, LED driver, or power supply unless the luminaire is identified as Type IC for insulation contact.

Luminaires that meet the air leakage requirement or luminaires that are Type IC rated will have this information listed on luminaire cut sheets or packaging. Contractors are responsible for ensuring that luminaires are properly sealed to prevent air leakage between the luminaire housing and ceiling.

Recessed luminaires that are marked for use in fire-rated installations and recessed luminaires installed in non-insulated ceilings are exempt from the air leakage requirement and sealing requirement, however, must meet all other requirements for recessed luminaires.

11.7.2.5    Enclosed Luminaires and Recessed Luminaires other than Ceiling-Recessed Downlight Luminaires

For enclosed luminaires and recessed luminaires other than ceiling-recessed downlights, the installed light source must be JA8 compliant and meet the elevated temperature requirement. The JA8-compliant lamps and light sources must be marked with “JA8-2022-E” to signify that they are suitable to be installed in an enclosed or recessed luminaire.

11.7.2.6    Screw-Base Luminaires

For screw-base luminaires to be installed in residential spaces, the installed lamps must be JA8 certified. Recessed downlight luminaires in ceilings cannot have screw base lamp sockets.

11.7.2.7    Navigation Lighting – Night Lights, Step Lights, and Path Lights in Dwelling Units

Navigation lighting such as night lights, step lights, and path lights must either:

1.    Be rated to consume no more than 4 watts; or

2.    Comply with luminaire efficacy requirement in §160.5(a)1A and Table 160.5-A.

11.7.2.8    Lighting internal to Drawers, Cabinets, and Linen Closets

Luminaires or light sources internal to drawers, cabinets, and linen closets must either:

1.    Have an efficacy of 45 lumens per watt or greater

2.    Comply with luminaire efficacy requirements in §160.5(a)1A and Table 160.5-A.

Light sources in drawers and cabinets with opaque fronts or doors must also have controls that automatically turn the light off when the drawer or door is closed.

11.7.2.9    Blank Electrical Boxes

The number of blank electrical boxes that are more than five feet above the finished floor and do not contain a luminaire or other device must be no greater than the total number of bedrooms in the dwelling unit. These electrical boxes must be served by a dimmer, vacancy sensor control, low voltage wiring, or fan speed control.

11.7.3      Dwelling Unit Lighting Control Requirements

As with the luminaire requirements described in the previous section, all dwelling unit lighting control requirements are mandatory.

11.7.3.1    Lighting Control Installation Requirements

Following are general requirements for how and where lighting controls must be implemented in multifamily dwelling units:

A.    Readily Accessible Manual Controls

All permanently installed luminaires must have readily accessible wall-mounted controls that permit the luminaires to be manually turned on and off. Per §100.1 Definitions, readily accessible is capable of being reached quickly for operation, repair, or inspection without requiring climbing or removing obstacles, or resorting to access equipment

B.    Multiple Switches

A lighting circuit can be controlled by more than one switch, such as by three-way or four-way switches. For a lighting circuit with multiple switches, and where a dimmer or vacancy sensor has been installed to comply with §160.5(a), the following requirements must be met:

1.    No controls must bypass the dimmer or vacancy sensor function.

2.    The dimmer or vacancy sensor must comply with the applicable requirements of §110.9(b)|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls..

C.    Energy Management Control Systems (EMCS) and Multiscene Programmable Controllers

An EMCS or a multiscene programmable controller can be installed to meet the dimming, occupancy, and lighting control requirements in §160.5(a)2 if it provides the functionality of the specified controls in accordance with §110.9|topic=SECTION 110.9 – MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING CONTROLS and the physical controls specified in §160.5(a)2A.

D.    Exhaust Fan Integrated Lighting

Integrated lighting in exhaust fans must be controlled independently from the fan.

E.     Light Sources in Drawers and Cabinets

Undercabinet lighting, undershelf lighting, and interior lighting of display cabinets must be controlled separately from ceiling-installed lighting such that one can be turned on without turning on the other. 

Drawers and cabinetry with internal lights and opaque fronts or doors must have controls that turn the lights off when the drawer or door is closed.

F.     Independent Control of Other Lighting

Switched outlets must be controlled separately from ceiling-installed lighting such that one can be turned on without turning on the other.

G.    Ceiling Fan Lighting

Ceiling fans with integrated light sources can be controlled with a remote control for on, off and dimming control. The remote control does not need to be wall mounted.

H.    Spaces Required to Have Vacancy Sensors or Occupancy Sensors

The following dwelling unit spaces are required to have at least one installed luminaire in the space controlled by an occupancy or vacancy sensor:

•    Bathrooms

•    Garages

•    Laundry Rooms

•    Utility Rooms

•    Walk-in Closets

I.      Luminaires Required to Have Dimming Controls

Lighting in habitable spaces such as living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms must have readily accessible wall-mounted dimming controls that allow the lighting to be manually adjusted up and down.

The exceptions are as follows:

•    Ceiling fans may provide control of integrated lighting via a remote control.

•    Luminaires connected to a circuit with controlled lighting power less than 20 watts or controlled by an occupancy or vacancy sensor providing automatic-off functionality.

•    Navigation lighting such as night lights, step lights, and path lights less than 5 watts, and lighting internal to drawers and cabinetry with opaque fronts or doors with automatic off controls.

Also, lighting integral to appliances including kitchen range hoods and exhaust fans are not required to be provided with dimming controls.

Forward phase cut dimmers controlling LED light sources in these spaces must comply with NEMA SSL 7A. The combined use of a NEMA SSL-7A-compliant dimmer with LED luminaires can ensure flicker free operation when the luminaire is dimmed. This dimmer/light source compatibility information is included in dimmer cut sheets or dimmer product packaging.

11.7.3.2    Lighting Control Functionality Requirements

All installed lighting control devices and systems must meet the functionality requirements in §110.9(b)|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls.. In addition, all components of a lighting control system installed together must meet all applicable requirements for the application for which they are installed as required in §160.5 and §170.2(e).

Designers and installers should review features of their specified lighting control products for meeting the requirements of §110.9(b)|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls. as part of the compliance process.

A.    Time-Switch Lighting Controls

Time-switch lighting control products must provide the functionality listed in §110.9(b)|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls. of the Energy Code.

B.    Dimmers

Dimmer products must provide the functionality listed in §110.9(b)3|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls. of the Energy Code.

Forward phase cut dimmers used with LED lighting must comply with NEMA SSL 7A, as mentioned earlier in this manual.

C.    Occupant Sensing Controls

Occupant sensing control products (including occupant sensors, partial-ON occupant sensors, partial-OFF occupant sensors, motion sensors, and vacancy sensor controls) must provide the functionality listed in §110.9(b)4|topic=(b) All Lighting Controls. of the Energy Code.

One important feature of occupant sensing controls is that it must automatically reduce lighting or turn the lighting off within 20 minutes after the area has been vacated.

Occupant sensing control systems may consist of a combination of single or multi-level occupant, motion, or vacancy sensor controls, if components installed for manual-on compliance don’t allow occupants to change the functionality from manual-on to automatic-on.

D.    Using Vacancy Sensors or Occupancy Sensors

Occupancy sensors automatically turn lights on when a space becomes occupied, and automatically turn lights off within 20 minutes of the room being vacated.

Vacancy sensors, also known as manual-on/automatic-off occupant sensors, require occupants to turn lights on manually, and automatically turn lights off within 20 minutes of the room being vacated.

Occupancy and vacancy sensors are required to provide the occupant with the ability to manually turn the lights on and off. The manual off feature provides the occupants with the flexibility to control the lighting environment by turning off the lights when they are not needed.

The Energy Code allows occupancy sensors or vacancy sensors to be installed to meet the automatic off control requirements.

11.7.3.3    Outdoor Lighting Controlled from Dwelling Units

All outdoor lighting attached to the building and controlled from within the dwelling unit must be high luminous efficacy. Outdoor LED luminaires and LED light sources installed outdoors are automatically classified as high luminous efficacy and are not required to comply with JA8.

Outdoor lighting controlled from within the dwelling unit must be controlled by a manual ON and OFF control switch and one of the following automatic control types:

•    Photocontrol and either a motion sensor or an automatic time switch control

•    Astronomical time clock control

Any override to the above automatic controls to ON must return to automatic control operations within six hours.

11.7.4      Common Service Area Lighting

This section covers the requirements for multifamily indoor common service area lighting design and installation. The requirements for common service area lighting largely align with indoor lighting requirements for nonresidential buildings.

The Energy Code requires that total common service area lighting power is within a specified budget, and lighting controls are installed for the efficient operation of installed lighting. This ensures that energy efficient equipment is used to satisfy common use area lighting needs.

In addition to meeting all mandatory requirements, design teams can choose between prescriptive and performance approaches for compliance. These requirements and approaches are described in sections below.

Lighting systems in common use areas providing shared provisions for living, eating, cooking, or sanitation to dwelling units that would otherwise lack these provisions may instead comply with the requirements for dwelling units per §160.5(a) and detailed in Section 11.7.1.

11.7.4.1    Mandatory Requirements

The following mandatory requirements must be met regardless of the compliance approach used.

Indoor common service area lighting mandatory requirements include:

•    Requirements for luminaire classification (according to technology) and installed lighting power determination

•    Required indoor lighting controls

•    Lighting control acceptance testing

•    Lighting control Certificates of Installation

The mandatory indoor lighting requirements for common service areas are analogous to corresponding nonresidential building mandatory indoor lighting requirements.

Refer to Section 5.3 for information on luminaire classification and power requirements.

Refer to Section 5.4 for information on mandatory lighting control requirements.

Refer to Section 5.9.2 and Section 5.11.7 for information on indoor lighting controls acceptance testing requirements.

Although not related exclusively to lighting, the Energy Code imposes mandatory requirements for electrical power distribution systems. See Section 11.9 for information about mandatory requirements for electrical power distribution systems.

11.7.4.2    Prescriptive Requirements

The prescriptive compliance approach establishes an adjusted lighting power for a proposed design as well as a maximum lighting power that can be installed based on the prescriptive method and the common use area space types. The process for calculating adjusted lighting power for multifamily indoor common use area lighting is closely aligned to the corresponding process for nonresidential buildings. Please refer to Section 5.6 for information on the prescriptive compliance approach for indoor lighting.

The differences between the prescriptive requirements for common use areas in multifamily buildings and nonresidential buildings include:

Common use areas may not use the complete building method for lighting power allowance calculations. Only the area category method or tailored method may be used per §170.2(e)3.

The primary function area types included in the lighting power density Tables 170.2-M, Table 170.2-N, and Table 170.2-O differ from the corresponding nonresidential primary function area types included in Table 140.6-C, Table 140.6-D, and Table 140.6-E respectively.

The primary function area types included in Table 170.2-M, Table 170.2-N, and Table 170.2-O are specific to multifamily common use areas and do not include nonresidential primary function area types.

Common use areas providing shared provisions for living, eating, cooking, or sanitation to dwelling units that would otherwise lack these provisions may instead comply with the requirements for dwelling units per §160.5(a) and detailed in Section 11.7.1.

11.7.4.3    Performance Requirements

The performance approach is applicable when the designer uses a compliance software program approved by the Energy Commission to demonstrate that the proposed buildng's energy consumption (including common use area indoor lighting power) meets the energy budget. The performance approach uses the prescriptive approach lighting power allotment in calculating the building’s custom energy budget.

No additional lighting power allotment is gained by using the performance method unless it is traded from the space conditioning, mechanical ventilation, service water heating, envelope, or covered process systems.

The energy budget does not include the dwelling unit lighting mandatory requirements and cannot be traded off using the performance approach.

The performance approach for common service area lighting is analogous to the corresponding code section for nonresidential buildings as applied to multifamily common use areas. Please refer to Section 5.8.

11.7.5      Outdoor Lighting

This section covers the requirements for multifamily outdoor lighting systems and related lighting design and installation, luminaires, and lighting controls. In a mixed use building with a multifamily occupancy, the multifamily outdoor lighting requirements described in this section are to be used for the entire site.

For outdoor lighting controlled from within multifamily dwelling units please see Section 11.8.3.3.

11.7.5.1    Mandatory Requirements

The mandatory outdoor lighting requirements for multifamily buildings largely align with mandatory outdoor lighting requirements for nonresidential buildings.

A.    Luminaire Shielding Requirements

Refer to Section 6.4.1 for information on luminaire shielding requirements.

11.7.5.2    Outdoor Lighting Controls Requirements

Refer to Section 6.4.2 for information on outdoor lighting controls requirements.

11.7.5.3    Outdoor Lighting Controls Acceptance Testing Requirements

Refer to Section 6.7.5 and Section 6.7.6 for information on outdoor lighting controls acceptance testing requirements.

11.7.5.4    Prescriptive Requirements

An outdoor lighting installation complies with the Energy Code if the actual outdoor lighting power is no greater than the allowed outdoor lighting power.

The process for determining actual lighting power for multifamily outdoor lighting applications is consistent with the requirements for nonresidential lighting, as described in Section 6.5.1.

Allowed outdoor lighting power densities for multifamily buildings are structured using a layered approach. The first layer of allowed lighting power is general hardscape for the entire site. After the allowed lighting power has been determined for this first layer, additional layers of lighting power are allowed for specific applications when they occur on the site. The total allowed lighting power is the combined total of the allowed lighting power layers.

The allowed outdoor lighting power must be determined according to the outdoor lighting zone in which the site is located as defined in §10-114. Outdoor Lighting Zone definitions for multifamily lighting are analogous to the corresponding code section for nonresidential buildings. Please refer to Section 6.3 for information on outdoor lighting zones.

Figure 11-76Error! No sequence specified.. Concept of a Layered Lighting Approach for Outdoor Lighting - Lighting Power Allowance (LPA)

Image Source: Energy Solutions

The outdoor lighting applications addressed by the Energy Code are shown in the first two columns of Table 11-64. The first column is general site illumination applications, which allow trade-offs within the outdoor portion only. The second column is specific outdoor lighting applications, which do not allow trade-offs, and are considered “use it or lose it”. The lighting applications in the third column are exempt from lighting power requirements. However, these lighting applications must meet applicable lighting control requirements.

For the purpose of determining outdoor lighting allowances, only those areas where lighting is provided are considered illuminated areas, excluding any areas that do not have luminaires, areas that are obstructed by any other structure or within a building, and any areas beyond the property line of the project site. The details of the process for determining the illuminated area for multifamily outdoor lighting are consistent with the requirements for nonresidential outdoor lighting, as described in Section 6.5.

Hardscape is defined in §100.1 as an improvement to a site that is paved and has other structural features, including but not limited to, curbs, plazas, entries, parking lots, site roadways, driveways, walkways, sidewalks, bikeways, water features and pools, storage or service yards, loading docks, amphitheaters, outdoor sales lots, and private monuments and statuary. This definition is also consistent with the nonresidential outdoor lighting Standards, as described in more detail in Section 6.5.2.

Table 11-64: Scope of the Multifamily Outdoor Lighting Requirement

Source: California Energy Commission

11.7.5.5   

Other outdoor lighting applications that are not included in Energy Code Tables 170.2-R and 170.2-S are assumed to be not regulated by the Energy Code. This includes decorative gas lighting and emergency lighting powered by an emergency source as defined by the California Electrical Code. The text in the above list of multifamily outdoor lighting applications that are not regulated has been shortened for brevity. Please see the section, §170.2(e)6A for details about unregulated lighting applications.

11.7.5.6    Trade-offs

All outdoor lighting trade-off requirements are analogous to the corresponding code sections for nonresidential buildings as applied to multifamily outdoor lighting. Please refer to Sections 6.5.3-A and 6.5.3-B.

11.7.5.7    Outdoor Lighting Applications Not Regulated by §170.2(e)6

When a luminaire is installed only to illuminate one or more of the applications listed in the rightmost column of Table 11-65, the lighting power for that luminaire must be exempt from §170.2(e)6. The Standards clarify that at least 50% of the light from the luminaire must fall within the unregulated lighting application to qualify as being installed for that application.

Even if the lighting is exempted from the wattage allowance requirements, it is still subject to the lighting controls requirements that may apply to the respective lighting systems.

11.7.5.8    General Hardscape Lighting Allowance

Determine the general hardscape lighting power allowances as follows:

General Hardscape lighting allowance = (Hardscape Area x AWA) + IWA

Where,

1.  The general hardscape area of a site must include parking lot(s), roadway(s), driveway(s), sidewalk(s), walkway(s), bikeway(s), plaza(s), bridge(s), tunnel(s), and other improved area(s) that are illuminated, as defined in §100.1. The illuminated hardscape area must include portions of planters and landscaped areas that are within the lighting application and are less than or equal to 10 ft. wide in the short dimensions and are enclosed by hardscape or other improvement on at least three sides.

2.  Multiply the illuminated hardscape area by the Area Wattage Allowance (AWA) from Table 11-65 (Table 170.2-R) for the appropriate lighting zone.

3.  Determine the Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA). The purpose of the IWA is to provide additional watts for small sites, or for odd hardscape geometries. Add the IWA for general hardscape lighting from Table 11-65 (Table 170.2-R) for the appropriate lighting zone. The IWA may only be used one time per site.

Table 11-65 (from Table 170.2-R): General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance

Footnotes to Table:

1 Continuous lighting is explicitly prohibited in Lighting Zone 0. A single luminaire of 15 Watts or less may be installed at an entrance to a parking area, trail head, fee payment kiosk, outhouse, or toilet facility, as required to provide safe navigation of the site infrastructure. Luminaires installed must meet the maximum zonal lumen limits as specified in Section 160.5(c)

2 Narrow band spectrum light sources with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm – as mandated by local, state, or federal agencies to minimize the impact on local, active professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna – must be allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.

Source: Table 170.2-R from the Standards

Source: California Energy Commission

The Standards includes a lighting power provision for narrow band spectrum light source application to minimize the impact of electric light on local, active professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna. The provision is in the format of lighting power multiplier as specified on the footnote of Table 170.2-R (footnote 2). This provision is consistent with the requirement for narrow band spectrum light sources in nonresidential outdoor lighting.

11.7.5.9    Additional Lighting Power Allowances and Requirements

The lighting power allowances for specific applications provide additional lighting power that can be layered in addition to the general hardscape lighting power allowances, as applicable. Some portions of the site may fit use categories that permit the inclusion of an additional lighting allowance for that portion of the site. These specific applications are detailed in Table 11-66 (Table 170.2-S of the Energy Code). Additional allowances for specific applications can be per application, per hardscape area, per specific application unit length, or per specific application area.

As noted previously, all these additional allowances are use it or lose it allowances and cannot be traded between applications or to general hardscape lighting. However, general hardscape lighting allowance may be traded to supplement these specific applications.

Table 11-66 (from Table 170.2-S): Additional Lighting Power Allowance for Specific Applications

Source: California Energy Commission

Most of these allowances are comparable to the same allowance in the nonresidential portions of the code. See section 6.5.3 for more details. The one category of allowance that differs is buildifaçadeade lighting.

façadeng facade lighting is permitted in a similar manner as the nonresidential sections of the code, however, multifamily buildings have a specific stipfaçaden to the facade lighting allowance that the allowance is not permitted to be counfaçader areas of the facade that are within 20 feet of a bedroom window. This means thafaçadeions of the buifaçadefacade will either have no facade lighting or the allowance will be smaller because of the excluded area for the allowance.

See Section 6.5.4-A façade detailed discussion of building facade lighting.

11.7.6      Additions and Alterations

Additions to dwelling units must meet all applicable mandatory dwelling unit lighting requirements as described in Section 11.8.2. For alterations to dwelling units, any existing lighting may stay in place, but all newly installed lighting must meet the mandatory dwelling unit lighting requirements.

For details on lighting requirements for additions and alterations to multifamily common use areas, please refer to Section 5.10.

For details on lighting requirements for additions and alterations to multifamily outdoor areas, please refer to Section 6.6.

11.7.7      Code in Practice

11.7.7.1    CASE Example 1: A Garden Style Multifamily Building

This case example considers a new two-story garden style multifamily building in Burbank, California (Climate Zone (CZ) 9) . This is a sample project created for training purposes, and it consists of 7,216 ft² of conditioned floor area with eight dwelling units and no common use areas. The tables below provide details about the proposed lighting design and the possible compliance options for meeting the Energy Code which includes mandatory and prescriptive requirements for indoor and lighting outdoor lighting.

Note that the mandatory requirements in §160.5(a) govern the lighting installed inside the dwelling units and the outdoor lighting that is controlled from within the dwelling units.

On the other hand, outdoor lighting for the overall building site must meet prescriptive wattage allowances in §170.2(e)6 plus mandatory lighting controls and acceptance testing requirements in §160.5(c) and (e).

The outdoor lighting for the overall site must also meet the prescriptive wattage allowance. The outdoor lighting for the overall building site consists of two pole lights at 35 watts each for a total of 70 watts. Since the prescriptively allowed hardscape lighting for the site is 386 watts, the site lighting complies with the Energy Code.

The figure below shows the outdoor lighting on the site as well as the lighting at the entry to the dwelling unit.

Figure 77: Garden Style Multifamily CASE Example:
Outdoor Luminaires located on site (left); Dwelling Unit Entry
Light and the entry switch on/off switch located inside the unit (right)

Image: IOU CASE Team

The table below provides an overview of the compliance to the mandatory and prescriptive requirements for this case study.

Table 11-67: Lighting of Garden Style Multifamily Building (Case Example 1)

Table 11-68: Outdoor Lighting of Garden Style Multifamily Building (Case Example1 1)

Source: California Energy Commission

11.7.7.2    Case Example 2: A Five-story Mid-Rise Multifamily Building

This Mid-Rise Multifamily Case Study covers a new five-story multifamily building in Sacramento, California (Climate Zone (CZ) 12). This is a sample project created for training purposes, and it includes 112,044 ft² of conditioned floor area with 88 dwelling units, shared residential corridors, laundry rooms, fitness center and lounge, plus ground floor retail. The tables below provide details about the proposed lighting design and the possible compliance options for meeting the Energy Code which includes mandatory and prescriptive requirements for indoor and lighting outdoor lighting.

Table 11-69: Building Information about the Mid-rise Multifamily Building in CASE Example 2

Source: California Energy Commission

Figure 78: Dwelling Unit Balcony Light for Case Example 2: Sideview of the Balcony Light with On/Off Switch Controls (left);
Plan view of the Balcony Light On/Off Switch (right)

Table 11-70: Dwelling Unit Lighting for CASE Example 2

Source: California Energy Commission

Table 11-71: Multifamily Common Service Area and Retail Indoor Lighting for CASE Example 2

Source: California Energy Commission

Table 11-72: Outdoor Lighting for CASE Example 2 – Proposed Design and Compliance Option

Source: California Energy Commission

Figure 79: Outdoor Lighting for CASE Example 2: Sideview of an Outdoor Luminaire at the Multifamily Building Site (top left);
Outdoor Luminaires for Walkway Lighting (top right); Outdoor Luminaires for Courtyard Lighting (bottom)

This mixed use mid-rise building has separate indoor lighting requirements for the dwelling units compared to the multifamily common service areas and nonresidential retail spaces, and it also has different requirements for the outdoor lighting for the dwelling unit balconies versus the outdoor lighting for the building overall.

The lighting installed inside the dwelling units and the outdoor lighting that is controlled from within the dwelling units must comply with luminaire efficacy and mandatory lighting control requirements.

All of the proposed dwelling unit lighting has been designed to meet applicable mandatory requirements, so all the indoor and outdoor dwelling unit lighting complies with the Energy Code without any other requirements.

The outdoor lighting for the overall building site needs to comply with mandatory outdoor lighting controls, acceptance testing, and prescriptive outdoor requirements, and must also meet the prescriptive outdoor lighting power allowance requirements. The site lighting consists of nine pole lights at 35 watts each for a total of 315 watts. The prescriptively allowed hardscape lighting power allowance for the site is 568 watts, so the site lighting complies with the Energy Code.

Indoor lighting for the multifamily common service areas and nonresidential retail spaces must comply with mandatory indoor lighting control, acceptance testing, and prescriptive indoor lighting power allowance requirements. The prescriptive lighting power allowances for multifamily common service areas versus nonresidential retail spaces are very similar, but they are found in different sections of the Energy Code.

One common situation for retail spaces in buildings like this is that the lighting is not fully permitted or installed until new tenants move in.